Juniperus I 43 I 



which bear exclusively acicular foliage ; whilst others occur in both sexes with the 

 leaves mostly scale-like. There are no grounds for supposing that the sexes are 

 distinguished in nature by any peculiar habit ; but in cultivation, owing to long- 

 continued propagation by cuttings from trees of different habit, many female trees 

 differ in appearance from that commonly met with in male trees. This is by no means 

 universal, as there are two trees of the same habit, but of different sexes, in the 

 Cambridge Botanic Garden. A common staminate form, with preponderating 

 acicular foliage, and dense branches, forming a conical pyramid, was formerly dis- 

 tinguished asy. struthiacea, Knight, Syn. Conif. 12 (1850). A pistillate form, known 

 at first asy. flagelliformis, Loudon, Trees and Shrubs, 1090 (1842), was introduced 

 from Canton in 1839 by J. Russell Reeves, and was subsequently named J. 

 Reevesiana, Knight, Syn. Conif. 12 (1850). 



II. The following are either closely allied species or varieties of J. chinensis : 



1. Juniperus sph&rica, Lindley, in Lindley and Paxton, Flower Garden, i. 58, 

 fig- 35 (1850). 



Juniperus chinensis, Linnaeus, var. Smithii, Gordon, Pinetum, 119 (1858) (not Loudon 1 ). 



Juniperus Fortunii, Van Houtte, ex Gordon, Pinetum, 119 (1858). 



A tree, 30 to 40 ft. high, discovered by Fortune 2 in the hills north-west of 

 Ningpo and near Shanghai, where it is frequently planted around graves. The type 

 specimen, preserved in the British Museum, does not differ from J. chinensis in the 

 foliage, which is all scale-like, no acicular leaves being present ; but is monoecious, 

 and bears fruit, quite spherical in shape and larger than that ofy chinensis, ^u m - m 

 diameter, smooth, dark purple, scarcely glaucous, containing five seeds, which are 

 larger than, but similar in shape and colour to those of J. chinensis. 



This is kept separate from J. chinensis, but with some doubt, by Parlatore, 3 

 Kent, 4 and Masters ; 5 and is probably only a variety of that species, differing mainly 

 in the larger spherical fruit, not covered with a whitish bloom, and containing 

 numerous seeds. The branch collected by Fortune is monoecious ; but this is 

 perhaps an abnormality. 



A specimen (No. 6576) which I collected in Fang district in the province 

 of Hupeh, with large spherical glaucous berries, resembles Fortune's plant, but is 

 dioecious and with only three seeds in each fruit. Wilson found in the same 

 province another specimen with smaller four-seeded fruits. 6 



Fortune sent seeds in 1850 to Standish and Noble, who probably raised J. 

 sphcsrica in their nursery ; but I have found no living specimens, either monoecious 

 or with the large spherical berries of Fortune's plant. The trees now known in 

 cultivation either as J. sphcerica or J. sphcerica Sheppardi, Veitch, Man. Conif. 290 

 ( 1 88 1 ), usually prove to be female trees ofy chinensis, with a rather spreading habit. 



' /. chinensis Smithii, Loudon, Arb. et Frut. Brit. iv. 2505 (1838), described (long before Fortune's discovery of 

 J. spharica) as moncecious with angular fruits, was supposed to be of Nepalese origin, and may have been_/. religiosa. 



a Residence amongst the Chinese, 63, 140(1857). 



3 In De Candolle, rrod. xvi. 2, p. 488 (1868). 



* Veitch's Man. Conif. 190 (1900). 



6 lx\/ourn. Linn. Soc. {Sot.) xxvi. 543 (1902). 



The fruits of cultivated trees ofy. chinensis are usually three-seeded ; but occasionally four or five seeds are present, the 

 fruits in this case being small, covered with whitish bloom, and depressed at the apex, and not in the least like the large 

 spherical bluish fruits of J. spharica. 



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