1434 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



This tree was first described in 1767 by Linnaeus, who states that it was then 

 cultivated at Upsala. It appears, however, to have been first introduced into 

 England by William Kerr, who sent plants from Canton to Kew in 1804. Next to 

 the Virginian juniper, it is the species now most commonly cultivated in nurseries 

 and private gardens. It is absolutely hardy everywhere, seems quite indifferent to 

 soil, and in many places is a very ornamental shrub or small tree. It ripens seed, 

 which, so far as my observations go, germinate the year after they are sown. The 

 finest trees we have seen are : At Arley Castle, several old specimens, the largest 

 of which was 48 ft. by 5 ft. 3 in. in 1907 ; at Eastnor Castle, a well-shaped tree, 48 ft. 

 by 3 ft. which was bearing fruit in 1908; at Hardwicke, near Bury St. Edmunds, a 

 fine tree, 38 ft. by 3 ft. 10 in., with abundant ripe berries in 1905 ; at Redleaf in 

 Kent, a tree about 35 ft. high in 1907; at Westonbirt, a tree 32 ft. high and 

 growing fast, which in 1909 was covered with fruit. A tree growing at Rood 

 Ashton, Wilts, about 25 ft. high, wide-spreading in habit, was figured in Gardeners' 

 Chronicle, xlii. 163, fig. 63 (1907). (H. J. E.) 



JUNIPERUS BERMUDIANA 



Juniperus bermudiana, Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 1039 (1753); Loudon, Arb. et Frut. Brit. iv. 2498 (1838); 

 VV. J. Hooker, in London Journ. Bot. ii. 141, t. 1 (1843); Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 29 (1847); 

 Parlatore, in De Candolle, Prod. xvi. 2, p. 490 (1868) (in part); J. M. Jones, Botany of 

 Bermuda, 272 (1873); Hemsley, in Gard. Chron. xix. 656, figs. 105, 106 (1883), in Journ. 

 Bot. xxi. 259 (1883), and in Voy. Challenger, Bot. i. 81, t. 5 (1885); Sargent, in Garden and 

 Forest, iv. 289, figs. 51, 52 (1891) ; Masters, in Journ. Bot. xxxvii. 1-11 (1899); Kent, Veitch's 

 Man. Conif. 166 (1900). 



Juniperus oppositifolia, Moench, Meth. 698 (1794). 



Juniperus pyramidalis, Salisbury, Prod. 397 (1796). 



A tree, attaining 50 ft. in height in the Bermudas, with dark red bark and 

 spreading branches. Foliage of two kinds: on adult trees scale -like; ultimate 

 branchlets tetragonal, about ^ in. in diameter, densely covered with imbricated 

 leaves, which are usually in four ranks, about ^ in. long, ovate, obtuse at the narrow 

 incurved apex, greyish green or glaucous on the back, which is usually marked with a 

 longitudinal furrow, entire in margin ; on older branchlets, in four ranks or ternate in 

 six ranks, those on the main axes always ternate, up to ^ in. long, and becoming 

 acuminate at the apex. Juvenile foliage, occasionally present on some branches on 

 old trees, in alternate whorls of threes, about \ in. long, acicular, slightly spreading ; 

 upper surface whitened with a raised midrib ; lower surface greyish green, very 

 convex, and marked with a longitudinal furrow. 



Flowers dioecious. 1 Fruit ripening in the first year, sub-globose, about \ in. in 

 diameter, dark brown, covered more or less with a bluish bloom, with six to eight 

 scales, each marked by a depression with a minute mucro. Seeds, two to three, 

 immersed in fleshy pulp, shining chestnut brown, ovoid, oblique at the broad base, 

 tapering to the thin-edged apex, with two furrows on the outer surface. 



1 Stewardson Brown, in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philadelphia, lxi. 488 (1909), says that the tree is dioecious : " At the time 

 of flowering in March and April the staminate trees are a golden colour, presenting a strong contrast with the rich blue-green of 

 the pistillate tree." Most authorities say it is monoecious, but specimens with fruit in the British Museum bear no male flowers. 



