Tilia 1685 



varieties or species ; for the trees cultivated in Europe show great variation, no two 

 specimens being alike, and both deltoid and ovate leaves are occasionally present on 

 the same branch. Recent specimens from Japan, collected by Shirasawa, cannot be 

 exactly matched with either of Maximowicz's specimens. 



This species has lately been introduced into England, and the only specimens 

 which we have seen are young trees at Kew, Aldenham, Casewick, and Glasnevin. 

 The tree at Kew, obtained from Hesse's nursery in 1900, is now about 12 ft. high 

 and appears to be thriving. It is also cultivated by Simon- Louis at Plantieres, Metz. 



(A. H.) 



TILIA AMERICANA, American Lime, Bass-Wood 



Tilia americana, Linnseus, Sp. PI. 514 (1753) ; Loudon, Arb. et Frut. Brit. i. 373 (1838); Sargent, 



Silva N. Amer. i. 52, tt. 24, 25 (1891), and Trees N. Amer. 671 (1905). 

 Tilia caroliniana, Miller, Diet. ed. 8, No. 4 (1768). 

 Tilia latifolia, Salisbury, Prod. 367 (1796). 

 Tilia nigra, Borkhausen, Handb. Forstbot. ii. 12 19 (1800). 

 Tilia glabra, Ventenat, Mem. Acad. Sc. Paris, iv. 9 (1802). 

 Tilia canadensis, Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. i. 306 (1803). 

 Tilia stenopetala, Rafinesque, Fl. Ludovic. 92 (1817). 



A tree, occasionally attaining in America 130 ft. in height and 12 ft. in girth. 

 Bark deeply fissured, with ridges broken on the surface into small thin scales. 

 Young branchlets green, glabrous. Leaves (Plate 407, Fig. 1) broadly oval, 

 averaging 5 in. to 6 in. long and 3^ in. to 4^ in. broad, turning yellow in autumn, 

 cordate or truncate at the base, cuspidate at the apex ; margin ciliate, with coarse 

 triangular serrations, ending in long callous points ; upper surface dull dark green, 

 glabrous ; lower surface 1 light green, glabrous, except for minute pubescent tufts in 

 the axils at the junctions of the midrib, primary, and secondary nerves, but absent 

 at the base of the blade ; petiole glabrous, 1^ in. to 2 in. long. 



Cymes pendulous, many - flowered ; bract stalked, broad and rounded at the 

 apex, glabrous except for slight stellate pubescence on the midrib beneath ; peduncle 

 glabrous ; pedicels slightly pubescent ; sepals ovate, acuminate, densely hairy within, 

 slightly pubescent without, shorter than the lanceolate petals ; staminodes present. 

 Fruit globose or ovoid, without ribs, covered with thick rufous tomentum ; shell thick. 



The American lime is readily distinguished from the other species with glabrous 

 branchlets and leaves, by the minuteness of the axil-tufts, which are, moreover, not 

 present at the base of the leaf. In winter, the branchlets are shining, glabrous ; buds 

 with three external scales, glabrous except for tufted cilia at their tips. 



The leaves are remarkable for their variation in size, an interesting account of 

 which is given by Penhallow. 2 In Canada, some trees have tolerably uniform leaves, 

 about 3^ in. in diameter. Other trees have in addition many leaves \\ in. across. 

 On vigorous shoots, especially on epicormic branches, the leaves are often 8 in. 



1 In T. americana the midrib and principal nerves are remarkably yellow, and this character is also seen in its reputed 

 hybrids, T. Moltkei, T. spectabilis, and T. Michauxii. 2 Canadian Record of Science, ix. 291 (1905). 



VII F 



