1 688 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



partially displaced native limewood in the pianoforte trade on account of its cheapness. 

 Owing to the facility with which large thin sheets can be turned off the log by 

 rotating it against a knife-edge, it is coming into use for three-ply boards, a manu- 

 facture which, though only recently invented, is likely to grow rapidly for many 

 purposes. (H. J. E.) 



T1LIA HETEROPHYLLA 



Tilia heterophylla, Ventenat, in Anal. Hist. Nat. Madrid, ii. 68 (1800), and Mtm. Acad. Sc. Paris, 

 iv. 16, pi. 5 (1803) ; Sargent, Silva N. Amer. i. 57, t. 27 (1891), and Trees N. Amer. 674 (1905). 

 Tilia americana, Limweus, var. heterophylla, Loudon, Arb. et Frut. Brit. i. 375 (1838). 



A tree, attaining in America 60 ft. in height and 12 ft. in girth. Young 

 branchlets glabrous. Leaves similar to those of T. Michauxii in size and shape, 

 but differing in being covered beneath with a silvery white tomentum, without axil- 

 tufts, and having finer serrations with shorter straighter points. The flowers appear 

 to differ in the bract ' pubescent on both surfaces, and the stellate-pubescent peduncle 

 and pedicels. There appears to be no constant difference in the fruit. 



Both this species and T. Michauxii are readily distinguished from the other 

 white limes by the glabrous branchlets, and the different shape of the leaves, which 

 are usually very oblique at the base, and always longer than broad. T. pubescens, 

 Aiton, the white lime of the Gulf States, is not in cultivation, and probably would 

 not live in our climate. It has pubescent branchlets. 



T. heterophylla, according to Sargent, is found on rich wooded slopes or near 

 the banks of streams; and ranges from Ithaca, New York, southwards along the 

 Alleghany mountains to northern Alabama, and westward to middle Tennessee, 

 Kentucky, southern Indiana, and Illinois. It is most abundant and of its largest 

 size on the high mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee. 



Typical T. heterophylla is described by most authors as having the leaves 

 covered beneath with a silvery white tomentum ; but Sargent, informs me in a letter 

 that Rehder found trees on the mountains of West Virginia, with leaves nearly 

 glabrous beneath, 2 which he considered to be undoubtedly T. heterophylla. Such 

 trees are probably hybrids with T. americana ; and a further study of the American 

 limes is necessary, as the relationship of T. Michauxii and the glabrous forms of 

 West Virginia with T. heterophylla in its typical form, is very obscure. 



T. heterophylla was introduced, according to Loudon, in 1 8 1 1 ; but he had seen 

 no specimens except small trees in the Chiswick Garden ; and these may have been 

 T. Michauxii, which he did not distinguish as a separate species. Most of the trees 

 which occur in cultivation under this name are either T. Michauxii or T. spectabilis ; 

 and we have seen no living specimens in England which can be identified with T. 

 heterophylla. (A. H.) 



1 The bract is said by Schneider to be stalked in T. heterophylla, and sessile in T. Michauxii ; but native specimens 

 show it to be variable in both species. 



' T. eburnea, Ashe, in Bot. Gaz. xxxiii. 231 (1902), usually considered to be a peculiar variety of T. heterophylla in the 

 Carol inas and Georgia, is said to lose its pubescence in autumn occasionally. 



