1706 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



catalogues, comprise both the hybrids, which we keep distinct as being of mixed 

 origin ; and the true varieties, due only to the common holly, which in many cases 

 have arisen as branch sports, and been subsequently propagated by grafting. The 

 latter usually revert, when old, in isolated branches on the tree, to the type of the 

 common holly. 



I. Differing from the type in habit. 



1. Var. pendula, Loudon, Trees and Shrubs, 11 13 (1842). 



Branches pendulous ; leaves as in the common holly. The original tree, from 

 which this variety was propagated by Barron at Elvaston Castle, formerly existed in 

 a private garden in Derby. Loudon also mentions J another weeping form, which 

 was discovered about 1842 in Dalkeith Park. There are several good specimens of 

 the weeping holly at Kew, which are clothed to the ground, and somewhat resemble 

 the pendulous form of Sophora japonica. Dallimore states that as no leader is 

 formed, it is necessary to keep a shoot tied up, in order to obtain a tall plant. 



There are two variegated pendulous forms var. aurea pendula, Waterer's 

 weeping holly, and var. argentea marginata pendula, Perry's weeping holly. 



2. Var. fastigiata, Loudon, Gard. Mag. xix. 442 (1843). 



Branches erect. Loudon mentions two specimens, one in a garden in Edin- 

 burgh, and another in a garden in Derby. The fastigiate holly is rare, but is 

 represented at Kew by a small shrub. 



II. Differing from the type in the colour of the fruit. 



3. Var. fructu luteo, Loudon, Arb. et Frut. Brit. ii. 509 (1838). 



Vars. chrysocarpa and xanthocarpa, Koch, Dendrologie, ii. pt. i. 210, 216 (1872). 



Berries yellow. This is one of the oldest known varieties. 2 Seedlings have 

 been raised in Waterer's and Paul's nurseries, which have produced orange-coloured 

 fruit, and are supposed to have originated from crossing between the yellow and 

 red-fruited forms. 8 Loudon mentions a variety 4 with white berries, and another 

 variety 6 with black berries, neither of which we have seen. 



III. Differing from the type in foliage. 



A. Leaves, with both marginal and superficial spines. 



4. Var. echinata, De Candolle, Prod. ii. 14 (1825). 



Var. ferox, Aiton, Hort. Kew. i. 169 (1789); Loudon, Arb. et Frut. Brit. ii. 507 (1838). 

 Ilex echinata, Miller, Gard. Did. ed. 8, No. 2 (1768). 



Leaves ovate, about 2 in. long, with their edges rolled backwards ; upper 

 surface covered more or less with sharp prickles ; margin with irregular large spines. 

 This, which is called the Hedgehog Holly, is the oldest known variety, as it was 

 mentioned by Parkinson 6 in 1640, and was cultivated at Fulham about 1700. It 

 occurs now only as a male plant ; but Parkinson and Martyn refer to it as bearing 

 berries, so that a female form was in all probability formerly in cultivation. Dalli- 



1 Loudon, Gard. Mag. xix. 442 (1843). 



1 In Cole's History of Plants, published in 1657, the yellow-berried holly is mentioned as having been found wild near 

 Wardour Castle. 3 Moore, in Gard. Chron. ii. 520 (1874). 



* Koch, Dendrologie, ii. part i. 212 (1872) calls this var. leucocarpa, and speaks of it as common. 

 6 Cf. Arb. et Frut. Brit. iv. 2545 (1838). Theat. Bot. i486 (1640). 



