174 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



one being often tabulate ; margin irregularly serrate ; upper surface dark green, 

 shining, glabrous ; lower surface pale green, glabrescent or slightly pubescent on 

 the midrib ; petiole slender, usually glabrous. 



Flowers, variable in number in the corymb ; peduncle, pedicel, and calyx-tube 

 glabrous ; sepals five, triangular, spreading, persistent on the fruit ; petals five, 

 white ; stamens fifteen or twenty ; styles usually two, rarely in some flowers one or 

 three. Fruit ovoid or globose ; stones two or three, rarely one, flattened on the 

 inner surface, convex with deep longitudinal furrows on the outer surface. 



This species is very distinct in appearance, and in England as a rule comes into 

 flower a fortnight earlier than C. monogyna. 



Varieties 



This species is apparently much less variable in the wild state 1 than C. monogyna, 

 but has given rise to some remarkable garden forms. 



i. Var. multiplex, Loudon, Arb. et Frut. Brit. ii. 832 (1838). 



Var. flore pleno albo, Rodigas, in Flore des Serves, xv. t. 1509, fig. 2 (1862). 



Crataegus monogyna, var. alba plena, Rehder, in Bailey, Cyc. Amer. Hort. i. 396 (1900). 



Flowers white, double, produced in great profusion and dying off a beautiful 

 pink colour. 2 This variety, the origin of which is unknown, differs little from the 

 type in other respects, having two-styled flowers with glabrous pedicels and calyx- 

 tubes, and glabrescent three-lobed leaves. 8 



2. Var. rosea, Loudon, Arb. et Frut. Brit. ii. 832 (1838). 



Petals pink, with white claws ; in other respects similar to the type. This is a 

 single pink variety, which is occasionally found wild. 



3. Var. punicea, Loddiges, Bot. Cat. t. 1363 (1828); Loudon, Arb. et Frut. 

 Brit. ii. 832 (1838). 



V ar. flore puniceo, Rodigas, in Flore des Serres, xv. t. 1509, fig. 2 (1862). 



Petals larger than in var. rosea, dark red and without white on the claws. This 

 is the handsome single crimson variety, which was first raised in Scotland, 

 and afterwards propagated by Loddiges, who budded it upon the common 

 whitethorn. 



4. Var. Gumpperii bicolor, Van Houtte, in Fl. des Serres, xvi. t. 1651 

 (1866). 



Flowers single ; petals white, edged with a pink margin. This originated at 

 Stuttgart about i860, and is probably of hybrid origin, as the flowers, while having 

 a glabrous calyx-tube, bear only one style. 



1 Var. integrifolia, Wallroth, Sched. Crit. 219 (1822), a name given to shrubs having obovate leaves with three very 

 shallow lobes, can scarcely be retained as a variety, as such leaves are common in the typical form of the species. Similarly, 

 var. auriculata, Dippel, Laubhohkandc, iii. 457 (1 893), said to have persistent large stipules, is doubtfully distinct, as the 

 retention of the stipules depends on the vigour of the branches, and is common enough in the ordinary form of the species. 



1 Spath, Cat. No. 148, p. 91 (1911-1912), advertises var. candido-plena, a new variety with double flowers that 

 remain pure white. 



3 M'Nab, in Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin. vi. 284 (i860) gives an account of a tree with double white flowers in the 

 Edinburgh Botanic Garden, which retained most of its leaves during the preceding winter, some remaining green till 12th 

 May 1859. It then flowered and produced normal single flowers. 



