Populus 1809 



they are very different in cultivation, and herbarium specimens justify them being 

 kept separate. Var. occidentalis, Rydberg, more closely allied to P. monilifera than 

 to P. angulata, may also rank, when further studied in the field, as a third species. 



I am unable to limit correctly the distribution of the two species, but P. 

 monilifera^ is undoubtedly the poplar, wild in Ontario, Quebec, New England, 

 New York, and Pennsylvania. P. angulata 2 appears to be that common in the 

 basin of the Mississippi, and in the southern Atlantic states and the Gulf states. 



Michaux states that P. angulata attains its most northerly point in lower 

 Virginia, but is more common in the two Carolinas, Georgia, and Louisiana, 

 growing in the marshy basins of the great rivers, ascending the Mississippi from 

 its source to its junction with the Missouri, and continuing along the latter for a 

 hundred miles. He had only seen P. monilifera 8 along the river Genesee in New 

 York, in some parts of Virginia, and on several islands of the Ohio river ; but believed 

 from reports that it occurred in the Mississippi valley as far south as the Arkansas 

 river. (A. H.) 



P. monilifera is not generally distributed or common either in Canada or New 

 England so far as I saw. Macoun states 4 that along the Grand Trunk Railway 

 in Ontario there are many young trees which had grown from western seed carried 

 by the railway cars, and he speaks of trees "over 50 ft. high, and some at least 

 2 ft. in diameter," at Big Stick Lake, north of the Cypress hills in Manitoba. 



In New England it seems to be commonest in the Connecticut valley, where 

 Dame and Brooks 5 speak of it as a stately tree 70 to 100 ft. high; and Emerson 

 mentions a tree which he found at New Ashford in 1838, not over sixty years old, 

 which was 20 ft. 5 in. in girth. Mr. Foxworthy sent us a photograph of a tree with 

 a wide-spreading crown growing near Ithaca, New York. This measured 80 ft. by 

 13 ft., with the trunk dividing into three main stems at about twenty feet from the 

 ground. Self-sown seedlings found by Mr. Jack on the sandy shore of the St. 

 Lawrence, near Chateaugay, on 15th August 1895, where the fruit was ripe on 

 30th May, were only 4 to 6 in. long, with 4 to 8 small crenate ovate-lanceolate 

 leaves. 



S. C. Mason, of the Agricultural College, Kansas, gives a good account of 

 P. angulata in that state in Garden and Forest, iv. 182, and figures a large tree on 

 the banks of the Kansas river which shows its habit in the west. This tree was 

 24 ft. in girth near the ground, and was 80 ft. high, with a spread of over 80 feet. 

 Another was 104 ft. high, and as much in the spread of its branches. A tree 

 cut on the Saline river had a stump 8 ft. across, and furnished ninety-six loads of 

 wood. Though most of the large old trees have been cut by the early settlers 

 to build their houses and stockades, the tree is now largely planted for fuel. 



1 Herbarium specimens from Ontario, Vermont, New York, and Ohio are P. monilijera. 



2 Herbarium specimens from the banks of the river Ohio, "near North Bend," collected by C. W. Short in 1833, 

 and from Missouri and New Orleans, collected by Drummond, are P. angulata, var. missouriensis. Specimens gathered by 

 Sargent at Augusta, Georgia, have pubescent leaves and petioles, and may be another variety. 



3 Michaux describes this species under the name P. canadensis, and lays great stress on the difference in hardiness 

 between it and P. angulata. He considered the latter to be a native only of the southern states, as its shoots were always 

 injured by a few degrees of frost. 



* Cat. Canadian Plants, i. 457 (1883). 6 Trees of New England, 34 (1902). 



