Ulmus 1 85 1 



ULMUS PEDUNCULATA, European White Elm 



Ulmus pedunculata, 1 Fougeroux, in Mem. Acad. Roy. Sc. 1784, p. 215, t. 2. 



Ulmus law's, Pallas, Fl. Ross. i. 75, t. 48, fig. F. (1784); Ascherson and Graebner, 2 Syn. Mitteleurop, 



Flora, iv. 548 (191 1). 

 Ulmus effusa, Willdenow, Fl. Berol. Prod. 97 (1787) and Berl. Baumz. 393 (1796); Loudon, Arb. 



et Frut. Brit. iii. 1397 (1838); Willkomm, Forstl. Flora, 559 (1887); Fliche, Flore Forestiere, 



304 (1897). 

 Ulmus ciliata, Ehrhart, Beitr. vi. 88 (1791). 

 Ulmus octandra, Schkuhr, Handb. i. 178, t. 57 (1791). 

 Ulmus racemosa, Borkhausen, Forstbot. i. 851 (1800) (not Thomas). 



A tree, attaining about 100 ft. in height and 12 to 20 ft. in girth. Bark similar 

 to that of U. americana, smooth at first, then exfoliating in broad thin scales, and 

 ultimately deeply fissured as in the other elms. Young branchlets densely clothed 

 with white short wavy pubescence, partly retained on the branchlets of the second 

 year which are slightly fissured but not finely striate. Buds longer and more 

 sharply pointed than those of U. americana ; with glabrous scales, which are minutely 

 ciliate in margin. Leaves (Plate 411, Fig. 7), obovate and widest above the middle, 

 or oval, 2 to 4 in. long, and i to 2\ in. wide ; very oblique and unequal at the 

 base, the upper side rounded, the lower side rounded or straight ; suddenly con- 

 tracted at the apex into a serrated point ; upper surface smooth to the touch, pubes- 

 cent on the midrib and veins, elsewhere glabrous or with a few scattered hairs ; 

 lower surface pale green, covered with a dense short white pubescence ; margin 

 coarsely biserrate, with sharp incurved points, ciliate ; nerves about sixteen pairs, 

 running straight and parallel to the margin, with one or two rarely forked ; petiole 

 \ in. long, densely pubescent. 



Flowers, twenty to twenty-five in a cluster, on long slender pedicels {\ to f in. 

 in length) ; calyx campanulate, oblique, with five to seven short pink lobes ; stamens 

 five to seven, with white filaments and red anthers ; ovary green, pubescent on the 

 margins, with white stigmas. Samarse, on long slender stalks, oval or ovate, f to \ 

 in. long, conspicuously reticulate and glabrous on the surface, densely ciliate in 

 margin with long white hairs ; apex with a deep cleft, usually closed by the incurved 

 stigmas ; seed situated towards the base of the samara, with its apex close to the base 

 of the notch. 



Seedlings, raised in 1909 at Cambridge, were very uniform, all bearing in the 

 first year six to eight pairs of opposite leaves. In 191 1, these seedlings still preserved 

 their uniform character, and were readily distinguishable by their ciliate leaves, and 

 the absence of corkiness on the branchlets. 



This species, like U. americana, is often remarkable in old age for the sharp 



1 This name was published by Fougeroux in a paper, read at Paris on 1st September 1784. Pallas's name was published 

 later in the same year, according to a note by Fougeroux, appended to his paper when it appeared in the volume of the 

 M4m. Acad. Roy. Sc, for 1784, which was issued in a complete form in 1787. 



1 U. alba, Kitaibel, in Willdenow, Berl. Baumz. 318 (1796), judging from the description, and also from a tree so named 

 in the Leyden Botanic Garden, is a variety of U. nitens, and not a synonym of this species, as stated by Ascherson and Graebner. 

 U. alba, Besser, Enum. PI. Volhynia, pp. 43, 92 (1822), is U. pedunculata. 



