1854 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



near Luneville, in the Meurthe valley. M. Guinier, of the Forestry School at 

 Nancy, to whom I am indebted for the above information, was good enough to show 

 me this tree on the banks of the Moselle, just below the Chateau de la Fli, near 

 Liverdun, on 5th May 191 1 when it was in flower, and the leaves about half 

 expanded. The trees were not large, and their bark seemed more scaly than that 

 of U. montana. Though the habit seemed more pendulous than that of the wych 

 elm, I do not think the tree could be certainly distinguished in winter except by 

 the buds, and some trees looked as though they might be hybrids. Reuss states a 

 that a few trees of U. pedunculata occur in the forest of Fontainebleau. M. Jouin 

 at Plantieres, near Metz, informed me that, as this species is much less subject to 

 the attacks of the elm-leaf beetle 2 than U. nitens, it is likely to be much more 

 generally planted in that part of France, but the wood is considered inferior to that 

 of the other elms by those who distinguish it. 8 Loudon 4 mentions in 1841 an 

 enormous tree of this species, with three great trunks, in the nursery ground at 

 Neuilly, near Paris ; but we do not know if it is still living. I saw a log under this 

 name in the Hungarian Exhibition at London in 1908, which was very similar in 

 appearance to U. montana. 



In Belgium, according to Huberty, 5 this tree is only found in the district about 

 Rochefort, where it grows on calcareous soil in fertile valleys on the edge of woods, 

 but is rather local, and of no economic importance. The largest tree I heard of 

 grows at the mouth of the Gouffre de Belvaux, where a stream disappears in the 

 limestone rock and comes up again some way off at Han-sur-Lesse, celebrated for 

 its extensive caverns. This tree was pollarded many years ago, and has a sound 

 trunk about 15 ft. high by 16 ft. in girth, its total height being about 60 ft. It has 

 been figured by Huberty. 5 I could find no other trees of the sort near it except 

 some small bushy ones apparently produced from suckers. 



Hempel and Wilhelm 6 give an illustration of a tree, about 80 ft. high, in the 

 Prater at Vienna, which has wide-spreading branches. I saw this elm in June 1910 

 in west Slavonia, in the virgin forest of Subanja, which is mainly composed of old 

 oak trees, with a mixture of hornbeam, lime, maple, and ash. 



Loudon states that the date of the introduction of this species is unknown ; and 



1 Compte Rcndu'Congrh Internat. Sylviculture, Paris, igoo, p. 683. 



2 Galerucella luteola, Mull, (more widely known as G. xanthomelana, Schr.), a small beetle belonging to the family 

 Chrysomelidae, 6 to 8 mm. long, pale sordid yellow or yellowish brown above, with a stripe along the outer margin of the 

 elytra, a short line on each side of the scutellum, a central and two lateral spots on the thorax, and a spot on the head, black. 

 This insect is very destructive to the foliage of young elms both in its larval and perfect states ; and, as I was assured by 

 M. Jouin, is a serious hindrance to the raising of elms in his nursery. It is not, however, a native of Britain, and in the 

 opinion of Mr. G. C. Champion, a competent coleopterist who has observed its ravages on the Continent, the climate of this 

 country is unsuitable for its establishment, even if it were introduced with plants. In America, where it was introduced from 

 Europe in 1837, its depredations have of late years attracted considerable attention. Parde\ in Bull. Soc. Dend. France, 1909, 

 p. 100, agrees with Jouin as to the comparative immunity from this pest of U. pedunculata. 



3 Fliche, in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xlviii. 381 (1901), states that the wood is little esteemed, partly on account of its 

 pale yellowish colour, whence it is called orme blanc ; but mainly because it fails in strength ard elasticity, and is unfit 

 for many purposes for which the other elms are valuable. It even makes poor fuel ; and is always classed in commerce with 

 soft woods, like poplar, etc. 



4 Card. Mag. xvii. 389 (1841). 



5 In Bull. Soc. Cent. Forest. Belg. xi. 634, pi. xii. (1904). 



8 Baiime u. Straiicher des IValdes, iii. 9, figs. 234, 235 (1889). The botanical details are well illustrated in t. 39 of 

 this work. 



