Ulmus 1 8 5 5 



the only large tree which he mentions, one at White Knights, which was 63 ft. 

 high in 1838, is no longer living. 



The finest specimen in England is a tree (Plate 389) at Syon, 1 which is 90 ft. 

 in height and 12 ft. 8 in. in girth. This was long supposed to be U. americana; 

 but it agrees better in the characters of the foliage with U. pedunculata, and like the 

 latter species at Kew and elsewhere, produces flowers regularly every year, which 

 is not the case with trees of U. americana in this country. There are two good 

 specimens at Kew, one about 25 ft. high, which was obtained from Spath in 1895. 

 It produced good seed in 1909, from which seedlings were raised at Cambridge. 

 Another tree, obtained from Booth in 1872, is about 35 ft. high, and very thriving. 



At Ugbrooke Park, Devonshire, the seat of Lord Clifford of Chudleigh, I 

 found in April 1908 a row of seven large trees, in the park near the house, which I 

 at once recognised by their flowers, though the leaves were not yet out. I saw these 

 again on 28th November of the same year, when the leaves had fallen about three 

 weeks previously, though those of the English elm were still of a golden colour. 

 Their buds were more swollen than those of the Dutch elms near, which also had 

 some leaves on, and the bark and habit differs from that of English and wych elms. 

 I could find no suckers near any of the trees, 2 one of which is figured in Plate 390. 

 The average height was 80 to 85 ft., and the girth of ten trees, three of which are 

 on the other side of the avenue above the oaks, varied from 11 ft. to 14 ft. 8 in. 

 Neither Lord Clifford nor the gardener, Mr. Abraham, could tell me anything of 

 the age or history of these trees, which must have been brought from abroad over 

 a century ago. (H. J. E.) 



ULMUS AMERICANA, American White Elm 



Ulmus americana, Linnaeus, Sp. PL 226 (1753); Loudon, Arb. et Frut. Brit. iii. 1406 (1838); 



Sargent, Silva N. Amer. vii. 43, t. 311 (1895), and Trees N. Amer. 289 (1905). 

 Ulmus mollifolia, Marshall, Arb. Amer. 156 (1783). 

 Ulmus pendula, Willdenow, Btrl. Baumz. 519 (1811). 



Ulmusalba, Rafinesque, PL Ludovic. 115 (1817), and New PL iii. 39 (1836), (not Kitaibel). 3 

 Ulmus floridana, Chapman, Nora, 416 (1865). 



A tree, attaining in America 120 ft. in height and 30 ft. in girth. Bark grey, 

 divided by deep fissures into broad scaly ridges. Young branchlets occasionally 

 glabrous but usually clothed with a soft white pubescence, more or less retained on 

 the second year's branchlets, which are fissured but not finely striate on the surface. 

 Buds ovoid, obtuse, with glabrous ciliate scales. Leaves (Plate 411, Fig. 11) oval, 

 usually widest about the middle or below it, 3 to 5 in. long, 1^ to 2^ in. wide ; oblique 

 and unequal at the base, with the upper side rounded and the lower side straight ; 



1 In the Syon catalogue of 1849, this tree is noted as having then measured 85 ft. by 10 ft. 



2 These trees were found to be infested with the elm Psylla (Psylla ulmi, L.), but the circumstance is not of economic 

 importance, since there is no reason to believe that this insect is more detrimental to the elm than is its congener Psylla alni 

 to the common alder. The nymphs of the elm Psylla live in the axils of the leaves on the ends of the twigs, and enter the imago 

 state in June. The imagines do not hibernate, but lay their eggs in the autumn ; a circumstance which would point to the 

 introduction of the species with young trees. It is remarkable that the elm Psylla has never been found in this country on 

 any other species of elm. 3 Cf. p. 1851, note 2. 



