1864 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



identical in all respects with U. fulva. This is remarkable, as I am informed by 

 Mr. Jensen that one of these trees was obtained from Dieck, 1 while another was 

 sent from Tashkend by Koopmann. There must be some error in the account of 

 their origin, as it is improbable that U. fulva is either wild or cultivated in 

 Turkestan. (A. H.) 



ULMUS MONTANA, Wych Elm 



Ultnus montana? Stokes, in Withering, Bot. Arrange. Veget. Great Brit. i. 259 (1787) ; Smith,* Eng. 



Bot. t. 1887 (1808); Loudon, Arb. et Frut. Brit. iii. 1398 (1838); Mathieu, Flore Forestiere, 



302 (1897). 

 Ulmus campestris, Linnaeus, Sp. PL 225 (1753) (in part) ; Miller, 4 Gard. Diet., ed. 8, No. 1 (1762) ; 



Willkomm, Forstl. Flora, 555 (1887). 

 Ulmus glabra? Hudson, Fl. A'ngl. 95 (1762) (not Miller); Rehder, in Mitt. Deut. Dend. Ges. 1908, 



p. 157 ; Moss, in Gard. Chron. li. 217 (19 12). 

 Ulmus scabra,* Miller, Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 2 (1762); Schneider, Laubholzkunde, i. 216 (1904), 



805 (1906); Ley, in Journ. Bot. xlviii. 67 (19 10); Ascherson and Graebner, Syn. Mitteleurop. 



Flora, iv. 560 (19 11). 

 Ulmus suberosa, Michaux, N. Amer. Sylva, ii. 244, pi. 129, fig. 2 (1819) (not Moench, Ehrhart, or 



Smith). 



A tree, attaining 120 ft. in height and 20 ft. or more in girth. Bark remaining 

 smooth on the stem and branches for many years, ultimately on the trunk divided by 

 shallow longitudinal fissures into scaly plates. Young branchlets stout, more or less 

 covered with stiff hairs ; in the second year smooth or slightly fissured, not showing 

 the fine striation of U. nitens. Buds conical, obtuse, with dark brown scales, which 

 are ciliate in margin and densely pubescent on the surface with yellowish brown 

 hair. Leaves (Plate 412, Fig. 13) variable in size and shape, but averaging 3 to 5 in. 

 long, and readily distinguishable from the other species by the short stout densely 

 pubescent petioles, not exceeding \ in. in length ; mostly obovate-elliptic, very un- 

 equal at the base, cuspidate-acuminate at the apex, on vigorous branches and coppice 

 shoots often with three cuspidate points ; sharply biserrate ; lateral nerves fifteen 

 to eighteen pairs, often forked ; upper surface scabrous with scattered short hairs ; 

 lower surface with a soft white pubescence, dense on the midrib and lateral nerves, 

 forming axil-tufts at their junctions, and scattered on the surface between the nerves. 



Flowers twenty to thirty in a cluster, on very short pedicels, regularly pen- 

 tamerous, hexamerous, and heptamerous ; calyx campanulate, contracted towards the 

 base into a narrow wrinkled tubular part, about \ to \ in. long ; sepals five, six, or 



1 Neuh. Offer. Nat. Arb. Zoschen, 1889-1890, p. 22. 



2 The oldest tenable name for this species appears to be U. glabra, Hudson ; but as 17. glabra, Miller, has been much 

 used for another species, I retain U. tnontana, Stokes, as a name which has been long in use, and never applied to any 

 other species. 



3 Smith's description applies to V. montana ; but the leaves are badly drawn in the figure, the stalks being too long. 

 U. nuda, Ehrhart, Beit. v. 160 (1790), vi. 86 (1791), judging from his specimen in Smith's herbarium at the Linnean Society, 

 is U. montana. 



4 Miller, whose account of the elms is very confused, gives two names to U. montana, his No. 1 being "the common 

 rough or broad-leaved witch elm, very common in the north-west counties of England, where it is generally believed to grow 

 naturally in woods." His No. 2 is "the witch hazel or rough and very broad-leaved elm," also said by him to " grow 

 naturally in some of the northern counties of England." Woodmen in the Chiltern Hills and in Sussex (cf. p. 1874) at the 

 present day sometimes similarly attempt to make a distinction between the wych elm and the wych hazel. 



