Ulmus 1865 



seven, pinkish ; stamens five, six, or seven, with deep pink filaments and red anthers ; 

 stigmas red. Fruit, very shortly stalked, oval, about 1 in. long and f in. broad, 

 glabrous except in the interior of the notch, non-ciliate, rounded or pointed at the apex, 

 with a minute notch, usually closed by the incurved stigmas. Seed in the centre 

 of the samara, with its apex distant from the base of the notch. 



The seedling ' of U. montana differs from that of U. nitens in all the leaves above 

 the first two pairs being alternate in the first year, and considerably larger than in 

 the latter species. The stem is stout and usually bent to one side near the apex, and 

 attains at the end of the first season about 6 to 1 2 in. in length, developing about nine 

 to thirteen leaves in all. 



The flowers of U. montana, which is a tree of more northerly distribution than 

 the other European elms, are scarcely ever injured by late frosts ; and in consequence 

 ripe seed is produced regularly every year in most parts of Britain, often in great 

 abundance and invariably fertile. 



U. montana never produces suckers 2 in England, differing in this respect from 

 all the other British elms. There is, however, in the neighbourhood of Cambridge, 

 in hedgerows, a peculiar elm, closely resembling U. montana, but producing suckers, 

 though in no great quantity. This elm 8 is a low tree, with wide-spreading branches, 

 forming a globose crown of foliage, and seems to be less vigorous in growth than 

 ordinary U. montana. The leaves and buds cannot be distinguished from those of the 

 last, but the branchlets are glabrous, or nearly so. The flowers of one tree which I 

 examined differ from those of U. montana in the irregular number of the sepals and 

 stamens ; calyx-tube funnel-shaped and scarcely narrowed into a tubular basal part, 

 with five or six lobes ; stamens five or six, or often four, one occasionally being 

 aborted and sterile ; filaments white, not pink as in U. montana. Samarse similar to 

 those of the last, but rarely ripening, being injured by late frosts. The suckers bear 

 small leaves, 2 to 3 in. in length, with a long acuminate apex, and often one or two 

 additional points on each side of it. This peculiar elm 8 is probably one of the 

 descendants of the Huntingdon elm, in which nearly all the characters of U. montana 

 appear ; but differing in the irregularity of the flowers, the infertile samarae, and in 

 the occurrence of suckers. 



Varieties 



U. montana shows little variation in the wild state ; but trees growing in dense 

 woods usually bear smaller and thinner leaves than those which stand in the open. 

 I. The following geographical form has been described : 

 1. Var. laciniata, Trautvetter, in Maximowicz, Fl. Amur. 246(1859); Maxi- 

 mowicz, in Md. Biol. ix. 25 (1872); Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. Forest. Japon, ii. t. 15, figs. 

 i-9 (1908). 



1 Ci.Joum. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) xxxix. 292, pi. 22 (1910). 



2 Mr. A. P. Long saw in 1912 several large trees of U. montana producing suckers freely in the Sihlwald, near Zurich. 

 The leaves of these suckers differ in no respect from those produced by the peculiar Cambridge trees here described ; but the 

 leaves and branchlets of adult trees are like those of typical U. montana. 



3 This hybrid may be named U. Mossii after Dr. C. E. Moss, who drew my attention to it. 



