Ulmus 1887 



" Irish elm," and the wood is used by wheelwrights. The habit of the tree is gener- 

 ally branchy, and inferior to that of U. nitens, which is here erroneously called 

 English elm. (H. J. E.) 



ULMUS NITENS, Smooth-leaved Elm 



Ulmus nitens, Moench, Meth. 333 (1794)5 Rehder, in Mitt. Deut. Dend. Ges. 1908, p. 157 ; Moss, 



in Gard. Chron. li. 217 (191 2). 

 Ulmus glabra, Miller, Gard. Did. ed. 8, No. 4 (1768) (not Hudson 1 ); Smith, Eng. Bot. t. 2248 



(181 1) ; Loudon, Arb. et Frut. Brit. iii. 1403 (1838) ; Reichenbach, Icon. Fl. Germ. xii. 13, t. 



664 (1853); Willkomm, Forst. Flora, 553 (1887); Schneider, Laubholzkunde, i. 219(1904) 



(in part); Ley, mjourn. Bot. xlviii. 69 (1910). 

 Ulmus foliacea? Gilibert, Exercit. Phyt. ii. 395 (1792); Sargent, Arnold Arboretum Bull. Pop. 



Inform. No. n (191 1), and in Gard. Chron. 1. 202 (191 1). 

 Ulmus campestris, var. laevis, Spach, in Ann. Sc. Nat. xv. 362 (1841); Planchon, in Ann. Sc. Nat. 



x. 273 (1848). 

 Ulmus campestris, var. glabra, Hartig, Naturg. Forstl. Kulturpfl. 458, 460 (1851) ; Planchon, in De 



Candolle, Prod. xvii. 157 (1873); Ascherson and Graebner, Syn. Mitteleurop. Flora, iv. 553 



(1911). 



A tree, with a straight bole, and wide-spreading branches, with usually pendulous 

 branchlets. Bark grey, deeply fissured in old trunks. Young branchlets slender, 

 glabrous or with a few scattered hairs, usually with the upper margin of the 

 stipule-scars fringed with a tuft of hairs. Buds with minutely pubescent ciliate 

 scales. Leaves (Plate 412, Fig. 23) oval or obovate, 2 to 3^ in. long, 1 to 2 in. 

 broad, very unequal at the base, acuminate at the apex ; upper surface dark green, 

 shining, smooth to the touch, in spring pubescent with scattered minute hairs, in 

 autumn glabrescent ; lower surface, with conspicuous white axil-tufts, and covered 

 with minute reddish brown glands, in spring pubescent with scattered minute hairs, 

 in autumn glabrescent ; margin biserrate, non-ciliate ; lateral nerves about twelve 

 pairs, often forked ; petiole \ to ^ in. long, pubescent. 



Flowers, twenty to thirty in a fascicle, on very short pedicels (less than -^ in. 

 in length) ; tetramerous or pentamerous, but often irregular in the number of 

 sepals and stamens ; calyx funnel-shaped, about xV t0 1 m - l n g> with four or five 

 pink short lobes ; stamens, four or five, occasionally three, with pink filaments and 

 red anthers ; stigmas white, or rarely pale pink. Samarae, on very short pedicels, 

 glabrous, non-ciliate, obovate with a cuneate base, about f in. long, and \ in. broad ; 

 broad and rounded at the slightly emarginate apex, with the notch closed by the 

 incurved stigmas ; seed in the upper part of the samara, with its apex nearly touch- 

 ing the base of the notch. 



Seedling : The two cotyledons are raised above the ground on a short 



1 U. glabra, Hudson, Fl. Angl. 95 (1762), is the tree almost universally known as U. Montana ; and being earlier than 

 Miller's name, renders the latter inapplicable to the smooth-leaved elm. 



2 Ulmus foliacea, Gilibert, Exercit. Phyt. ii. 395 (1792), was founded on a specimen of an elm, which was said to be 

 frequent about Grodno in Lithuania. The description is very imperfect, but probably applies best to U. nitens, which occurs 

 in Lithuania. There are no grounds for resuscitating a name like U. foliacea, which cannot be identified with certainty. 



