Ulmus r ^93 



largest which he measured in this avenue varied from 50 to 70 ft. in height, with a 

 girth ranging from 7 to 1 1 ft. The largest elms in Turin are in the La Marmora 

 garden, and measure about 100 ft. in height and 12^ ft. in girth. These are said to 

 have been planted in 1706. 



5. Var. umbraculifera, Trautvetter, in Act. Hort. Petrop. ii. 590 (1873). 



A tree with a dense globose crown of foliage, which is commonly cultivated in 

 Persia, and only differs from ordinary U. nitens in its peculiar habit. This elm 

 attains occasionally an enormous size, and is much prized on account of its dense 

 shade and beautiful form. It is said to have been known in Persia for centuries, 

 and has been introduced into the Caucasus and Armenia. 1 Regel, in Gartenfora, 

 xxx. 3. t. 1034 (1881), figures a beautiful specimen, apparently of great age and size, 

 which was then growing near Erivan in Russian Armenia. This peculiar elm is 

 known to the Persians as the narwan, 2 and is always propagated by grafting. It 

 was introduced in 1878 by Spath, who received it from a German gardener in 

 the employment of the Shah, and is said to be planted in some of the streets in 

 Berlin. 3 There is a fine specimen about twenty years old, grafted at 6 ft. from the 

 ground, in Desfossd's nursery at Orleans. 



Var. umbraculifera gracilis, Spath, Cat. No. 100, p. 121 (1897-1898). 



This originated in Spath's nursery from a shoot of the preceding variety, which 

 had been grafted on a standard, and is said to differ only in forming a long oval and 

 not a globose crown. At Kew, a shrub, labelled var. umbraculifera, obtained from 

 Simon- Louis in 1904, has numerous ascending branches from the base, no main 

 stem being developed, and forms a globose bush about 6 ft. high. 



6. Var. Rueppellii,^ Spath, Cat. No. Tz, p. 124 (1888- 1889). 



A pyramidal tree, with a distinct stem and numerous ascending branches, 

 forming a globose or ovoid crown, and closely resembling var. umbraculifera in 

 habit. Branches slightly corky, branchlets pubescent. Leaves similar to those of 

 the Cornish elm in size and shape, but scabrous above. This is represented at Kew 

 by two trees, about 10 ft. high, that were obtained from Barbier in 1902. 



7. Var. pendula? Rehder, in Bailey, Cycl. Amer. Hort. 1882 (1902). 

 Branches and branchlets very pendulous. There is a good specimen 6 of this 



1 Radde, Pflanzenverb. Rauiasus, 305 (1899). A fine tree in the city of Bokhara is figured in Milt. Deut. Dend. Ges. 

 1910, p. 73. Ulmus densa, Litwinow, in Scheda Herb. Fl. Ross. vi. 163 (1908), is the name given to the wild elm with a 

 dense crown of foliage, which grows in the mountains of Turkestan and Ferghana. Litwinow considers var. umbraculifera to 

 be probably a graft of U. densa. 



2 This Persian word is also transcribed narwand, narband, and narbun, and primarily means a pomegranate tree. Prob- 

 ably it has been transferred to this peculiar elm on account of the fancied resemblance of the globose crown to a pomegranate. 



3 Garden and Forest, ii. 516 (1889). Cf. also Garlenjlora, xxxvi. 643 (1887). E. Morren, in Belg. Hort. 1879, p. 269, 

 states that Spath received this variety from M. Scharrer at TifUs. 



4 The origin of this variety is unknown ; but it was probably named after T. Rueppell, owner of P. Smith and Co.'s 

 nursery at Hamburg from 1862 to 1899. 



6 A tree cultivated at Kew as U. glabra fendula nova is a common form of the species with drooping branches, which do 

 not form a dense crown of foliage as in true var. pendula. 



8 The outer lower branches of this tree bear abnormal leaves, some of which have one or two small supernumerary leaflets 

 at the base. Other leaves are large and broad, as if composed of two ordinary leaves, and are often cleft from the apex to 

 the base. Some leaves form ascidia. Similar leaves occur on a single lower branch of a tree of U. nitens in the Cambridge 

 Botanic Garden. Cf. Worsdell, in Gard. Chron. 1. 285 (191 1), and in Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. xxxvii., Proc. ccxiii. (1912). 

 Similar abnormal leaves are present on a specimen at Kew of U. nitens, gathered from a large tree in Persia by Dr. Stapf. 

 Delavaud, in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, viii. 144 (1861), gives an explanation of the same kind of malformation, which he had 

 observed on an elm at Rochefort. 



VII 2 I 



