1894 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



variety on the lawn in front of the palace at Kew. It is grafted high, and resembles 

 in appearance the weeping form of U. montana. 



A weeping form of U. miens in Victoria Park, Bath, is known as the Scampston 

 elm, var. scampstoniensis, Petzold and Kirchner, Arb. Muse. 560 (1864). Schneider 

 states that what he has seen under this name is ordinary U. nitens. Loudon says 

 that the Scampston elm came from a place of that name in Yorkshire, and that a 

 tree, 18 ft. high in 1834, which bore this name in the Chiswick garden, was clearly 

 some variety of the glabrous elm, and differed little from the species. Elwes saw 

 the decayed stump of the original tree at Scampston Hall in Yorkshire ; and so far 

 as we can ascertain, this weeping variety, if it ever was distinct, is no longer known 

 in nurseries in England. 



8. Var. Dampieri, Henry. 



Ulmus Dampieri and. Ulmus montana Dampieri, Petzold and Kirchner, Arb. Muse. 563 (1864). 



Ulmus campestris Dampieri, Spath, Cat. 



Ulmus campestris, var. plumosa, Lavalle'e, Arb. Segrez. 236 (1877). 



A tree, fastigiate in habit, forming a narrow pyramidal crown. Branches 

 curved. Leaves, crowded on short glabrous branchlets, broadly ovate, 2 to 2\ in. 

 long, 1^ to if in. broad, smooth and glabrous above, glabrous beneath except for 

 conspicuous axil-tufts ; margin incised with serrated teeth. 



This beautiful tree, which has been much confused with Ford's elm (the similar 

 variety of U. montana), is probably of continental origin. 1 The finest specimens 

 which I have seen are two trees in Antwerp Park, about 45 ft. high, and one in the 

 Leyden Botanic Garden, which was 40 ft. by \\ ft. in 191 2. 



A sub-variety of this with yellowish leaves is occasionally seen in botanic 

 gardens, where it is known as U. Dampieri aurea or U. Dampieri Wredei. 2 



9. Var. modiolina, Henry. 



Ulmus modiolina, Dumont de Courset, 8 Bot. Cult. vi. 384 (181 1). 



Ulmus tortuosa, Loddiges, Cat. 1836, ex Loudon, Arb. et Frut. Brit. iii. 1376, 1379 (1838) 

 (not Host). 



This is I'orme tortillard of the French, 4 described as a tree with a twisted 



1 Nothing is known of Dampier, after whom this elm is named. 



2 Named after Wrede, curator of the Arboretum at Alt-Geltow, near Potsdam, where the yellow form originated in 1875 

 as a branch on a tree of U. Dampieri. It received a certificate from the Royal Horticultural Society in 1893, as 

 U. Wredei aurea. 



3 Dumont de Courset described U. modiolina as a pyramidal tree with crowded branches and small leaves. Du Roi, 

 Harbk. Baumz. ii. 501 (1772), identified I'orme tortillard, which was then much valued in France, with U. glabra, Miller 

 (U. nitens, Moench). Michaux, Arb. Amer. iii. 274 (1813), who advocated its introduction into the United States, said that 

 it could be propagated by layering. Loudon states that it was reported to come true from seed frequently. M. de Vilmorin 

 tells me that his grandfather planted several lines of this variety at Les Barres, which still exist but are growing in poor soil. 

 His specimens include two different trees, one being ordinary U. pedunculata, while the other is a peculiar elm with moderately 

 sized leaves, scabrous on both surfaces. The tree in the Jardin des Plantes, Paris, which is now labelled U. campestris 

 modiolina, is probably not the original tree, as it is identical with the hybrid elm ( U. belgica) of Holland and Belgium. The 

 elm cultivated as Var. modiolina bv Spath is closely allied to U. major (see p. 1884). Huberty, in Bull. Soc. Cent. Forest. 

 Belg. xi. 492 (1904) and xv. 788 (1908), considers this elm to be a special variety with small leaves, which grows slowly even 

 in good soil, but produces the most suitable wood for making naves of wheels ; but I have seen no specimens in Belgium. 

 Aigret, in Ann. Trav. Public. Belg. x. 1225 (1905), assigns to var. tortuosa some hybrid elms with large leaves, which are 

 growing with twisted trunks at Louveigne' in the province of Liege. 



4 The earliest account is by Duhamel, Exploit, des Bois, i. 294 (1764), who says that le tortillard has not only the most 

 useful wood of all the elms, but has also fine foliage ; and adds that it can be raised by seeds, grafts, or layers. Poederle", 

 Man. de V Arbor, i. 116 (1 792) identifies Duhamel's I'orme tortillard with the elm called orme maigre in Belgium, which 

 is U. nitens. 



