72 The Growth of the Marriage Relation. 



brothers and sisters, is expressed by the term exogamy, 

 which, as used by its inventor, Dr. J. F. McLennan, meant 

 "prohibited marriage within the tribe or group," as opposed 

 to endogamij, or "marriage within the tribe or group." It 

 was pointed out by ]Mr. Morgan that exogamy is merely 

 the rule that iatennurriage in the gens is i)rohihited, the 

 gens consisting of " a body of consanguinei descended from 

 the same common ancestor, distinguislied by a gentile name, 

 and bound together by affinities of blood." By endogamy, 

 then, we must understand marriage within the gens or 

 group of kin, and, apart from certain practices said to be 

 known on special occasions to the Australian aborigines 

 and some other uncivilized i)eoples, it may be doubted 

 whether the existence of real endogamy has ever been 

 established. There may be tribes consisting of several 

 gentes, clans, or groups of kin, who do not allow marriage 

 outside of the tribe, but they are not necessarily endoga- 

 mous ; as the members of one gens, clan, or group may inter- 

 marry with those of another such group belonging to the 

 same tribe, in strict accordance with the principles of 

 exogamy. 



The Hindoo castes were said by Dr. McLennan to be 

 endogamous, but they are divided into gotrams or families, 

 and marriage is prohibited between persons of the same 

 gotram, on the ground that the possession by its members 

 of a common name shows that they belong to the same 

 stock. Tliis is really an example of simple exogamy with- 

 in what may be called an endogamous group. As applied 

 by Dr. jVIcLennan the terms are misleading, and INIr. Her- 

 bert Spencer, applying them in the same way, erroneously 

 supposes that exogamy has given place to endogamy as the 

 relations of groups of men have become more 2)eacefid. 



The only Avcll authenticated exceptions to tlie rule against 

 the intermarriage of recognized consanguinei, are certain 

 cases which may be explained as having for their object 

 the preserving of a superior strain of blood, and wliich there- 

 fore proves the importance attached to blood relationship. 



The King of Hawaii was obliged to marry the woman 

 next in rank to himself, whatever their relationship, as 

 rank descended through females and competition to the 

 throne would thus be prevented. The Incas, who claimed 

 descent from tlie Sun and regarded purity of the royal 

 blood as absolutely necessary, said that the kingdom should 



