Evolution of the Mechanic Arts. 196 



and increased in scope to the utmost. From this point of 

 view, it appears that the "greasy mechanic" may not fall 

 far short of becoming the true prince of the race. 



But in considering man in his present bodily and perfected 

 machine form, we have passed by the germinal conditions 

 out of which the machine grew, with brief notice, and may 

 therefore have missed important principles, more easily 

 detected when the less complex, more homogeneous and 

 total primitive conditions are carefully inspected. 



Beginning with the Amceba, as it wraps itself round and 

 gradually includes the small nutritive fragments it meets 

 with, even before there are either prehensile or digestive 

 organs, Mr, Spencer finds that " The fundamental attribute 

 of matter is resistance," and that "The fundamental sense 

 is a faculty of responding to resistance." He further says : 

 " And while, in the environment, associated with this attri- 

 bute of resistance, are other attributes severally distinctive 

 of certain classes of bodies, in the organism there arise 

 faculties of responding to these other attributes faculties 

 which enable the organism to adjust its internal relations 

 to a greater variety of external relations faculties, there- 

 fore, which increase the specialty of the correspondence. 

 We see this not only in the rise of the senses that are 

 affected by the sapid, odorous, visible, and sound-producing 

 properties of things, but also in the series of phases through 

 which each sense advances towards perfection. For every 

 higher phase shows itself as an ability to recognize smaller 

 and smaller differences, either of kind or degree, in the 

 attributes of surrounding bodies ; and so makes possible 

 still more special adjustments of inner to outer relations." 

 (Prin. of Psy., p. 331.) Through these processes of ad- 

 justment, and out of the fundamental faculty of responding 

 to resistance, touch eventually develops into the five senses 

 co-ordinately with their special organs, with limbs and 

 other associated members, including the cerebellum and 

 eventually the cerebrum, and the mind as a totality. The 

 line of subsequent advancement proceeds in continuation 

 of the antecedent, as agriculture, the arts, and social life, 

 in the factory, the shop, the highway and the kitchen, are 

 developed. 



We cannot here follow Mr. Spencer step by step through 

 what he calls directive changes and executive changes, 

 the one characterizing Science and the other Art ; nor 



