Chap. XVIL] ABSORPTION BY THE GLANDS. 339 



As a control experiment solutions of one part of white sugar and 

 of one part of gum to 218 of water were first used, to see whether 

 these produced any change in the glands. It was also necessary to 

 observe whether the glands were alFected by the summits of the 

 bladdere having been cut oflf. The summits of four were thus 

 tried; one being examined after 2 hrs. 30 m., and the other three 

 after 23 hrs.; but there was no marked change in the glands of 

 any of them. 



Two summits bearing quite colourless glands were irrigated 

 with a solution of carbonate of ammonia of the same strength 

 (viz. one part to 218 of water), and in 5 m. the primordial utricles 

 of most of the glands were somewhat contracted ; they were also 

 thickened in specks or patches, and had assumed a pale brown tint. 

 When looked at again after 1 hr. 30., most of them presented a 

 somewhat different appearance. A third specimen was treated with 

 a weaker solution of one part of the carbonate to 437 of water, 

 and after 1 hr. the glands were pale brown and contained numerous 

 granules. 



Four summits were irrigated with a solution of one part of 

 nitrate of ammonia to 437 of water. One was examined after 

 15 m., and the glands seemed affected; after 1 hr. 10 m. there was 

 a greater change, and the primordial utricles in most of them were 

 somewhat shrunk, and included many granules. In the second 

 specimen, the primordial utricles were considerably shrunk and 

 brownish after 2 hrs. Similar effects were observed in the two 

 other specimens, but these were not examined until 21 hrs. had 

 elapsed. The nuclei of many of the glands apparently had in- 

 creased in size. Five bladders on a branch, which had been kept 

 for a long time in moderately pure water, were cut off and 

 examined, and their glands found very little modified. The re- 

 mainder of this branch was placed in the solution of the nitrate, 

 and after 21 hrs. two bladders were examined, and all their glands 

 were brownish, with their primordial utricles somewhat shrunk and 

 finely granular. 



The summit of another bladder, the glands of which were in a 

 beautifully clear condition, was irrigated with a few drops of a 

 mixed solution of nitrate and phosphate of ammonia, each of one 

 part to 437 of water. After 2 hrs. some few of the glands were 

 brownish. After 8 hrs. almost all the oblong glands were brown 

 and much more opaque than they were before; their primordial 

 utricles were somewhat shrunk and contained a little aggregated 

 granular matter. The spherical glands were still white, but their 

 utricles were broken up into three or four small hyaline spheres, 

 with an irregularly contracted mass in the middle of the basal 

 part. These smaller spheres changed their forms in the course ot 

 a few hours, and some of them disappeared. By the next morn- 

 ing, after 23 hrs. 30 m., they had all disappeared, and the glands 

 were brown; their utricles now formed a globular shrunken mass 

 in the middle. The utricles of the oblong glands had shrunk very 

 little, but their contents were somewhat aggregated. Lastly, the 

 summit of a bladder which had been previously irrigated for 21 

 23 



