846 UTRICULARIA NEGLECTA. [Chap. XVII. 



by two minute cells. They thus occupy the same relative 

 position, and closely resemble, except in being smaller and 

 rather more prominent, the papilla; on the outside of the 

 bladders, and on the surfaces of the leaves. The two termi- 

 nal cells of the papillae first become much elongated in a line 

 parallel to the inner surface of the bladder. Next, each is 

 divided by a longitudinal partition. Soon the two half-cells 

 thus formed separate from one another; and we now have 

 four cells or an incipient quadrifid process. As there is not 

 space for the two new cells to increase in breadth in their 

 original plane, the one slides partly under the other. Their 

 manner of growth now changes, and their outer sides, in- 

 stead of their apices, continue to grow. The two lower cells, 

 which have slid partly beneath the two upper ones, form the 

 longer and more upright pair of processes: whilst the two 

 upper cells form the shorter and more horizontal pair; the 

 four together forming a perfect quadrifid. A trace of the 

 primary division between the two cells on the summits of 

 the papillae can still be seen between the bases of the longer 

 processes. The development of the quadrifids is very liable 

 to be arrested. I have seen a bladder -sz of an inch in length 

 including only primordial papilla;; and another bladder, 

 about half its full size, with the quadrifids in an early stage 

 of development. 



As far as I could make out, the bifid processes are de- 

 veloped in the same manner as the quadrifids, excepting that 

 the two primary terminal cells never become divided, and 

 only increase in length. The glands on the valve and collar 

 appear at so early an age that I could not trace their devel- 

 opment; but we may reasonably suspect that they are de- 

 veloped from papilla; like those on the outside of the bladder, 

 but with their terminal cells not divided into two. The two 

 s^ments forming the pedicels of the glands probably answer 

 to the conical protuberance and short footstalk of the quadri- 

 fid and bifid processes. I am strengthened in the belief that 

 the glands are developed from papilla; like those on the out- 

 side of the bladders, from the fact that in Utricularia ame- 

 thystina the glands extend along the whole ventral surface 

 of the bladder close to the footstalk. 



