The False Hemlocks 69 



somewhat striate below; they are more or less curved, usually crowded on the short 

 lateral branchlets, and persist for three to four years. The staminate flowers are 

 globose-oblong, 5 mm. long, borne in the axils of the leaves of short branchlets, 

 on very slender drooping stalks, and bluish in color. The pistillate flowers are 

 erect, cyhndric, 6 mm. long, purplish or yellowish green. The cones are cylindric- 

 oblong, 3 to 7 cm. long, 2 to 2.5 cm. thick, narrowed toward both ends, but mostly 

 so toward the blunt apex, erect and purple at first, but usually pendent at maturity 

 and dull brown ; they are the largest cones of the genus ; the numerous scales are 

 very thin, 10 to 12 mm. long, usually as broad, gradually narrowed from below the 

 apex into a wedge-shaped base, rounded at the somewhat thickened, irregularly 

 eroded apex, striate and slightly rough hairy on the outer side; the bracts are one 

 fourth the size of the scales or less, rounded and short-pointed, wedge-shaped 

 toward the base. The seeds are about 5 mm. long, light brown, with one or two 

 large resin cells on the inner surface, the wing about three times as long, blunt 

 at the apex. 



The wood is soft, close-grained, rather weak, pale red-brown; its specific gravity 

 is about 0.44. It is but little used. The bark, hke that of other hemlocks, is rich 

 in tannin and is used to some extent in tanning leather. 



Unlike any other Tsuga the leaves of this species are scattered, stomatiferous 

 on both sides, and the resin-ducts are well within the pulpy portion of the lower 

 side. On these differences Lemmon has suggested its separation into a genus, 

 which he has named Hesperopeuce. 



Hooker's Hemlock, T. Hookeriana {k. Murray) Carriere, a smaller, more slen- 

 der, short-branched tree of alpine regions, with smaller cones with less spreading 

 and less striated scales, is not regarded as specifically distinct. 



V. THE FALSE HEMLOCKS 



GENUS PSEUDOTSUGA CARRIERE 



SEUDOTSUGx\ comprises three known species, two from western 

 North America, one from Japan. The type species is the North 

 American P. mucronata. 



They are large conic trees with long whorled branches, usually 

 drooping branchlets and rough furrowed bark. The scales of the winter buds 

 persist for a time as a ring about the base of the newly formed twigs, and when 

 falling off leave a circular scar around the twig. The leaves are flat, crowded, 

 appearing as if 2-ranked by a twist of their stalk, but are in reahty spirally ar- 

 ranged and somewhat incur\^ed ; the upper surface is rather deeply grooved longi- 

 tudinally, and the lower side has several rows of stomata on each side of the 

 midrib; a cross-section displays two lateral resin-ducts immediately under the 

 epidermis of the under side. The leaves are attached to the twigs by a persistent 

 woody leaf-stalk, which is usually of the same color as the twig, and from which 



