346 



The Elms 



and often doubly toothed, ver}' rough and dark green on the upper surface, and 

 hairy on the lower, small, 5 cm. long or less, with hairy stalks 2 to 4 mm. long; 

 the stipules are prominent on the young leaves, sometimes i cm. long, but fall 

 away early. The flowers appear in the autumn, in small short-stalked clusters 

 in the leaf-axils; the calyx is deeply cleft into narrow lobes, about as long as the 

 hairy ovary and somewhat shorter than the stamens. The samara is oval, 8 to 

 ID mm. long, whitish hair}- all over, especially on the edges. 



The tree has been planted for shade in towns and cities within its range; its 

 wood is reddish brown, rather weak, with a specific gravity of about 0.70, and is 

 locally used for furniture and hubs. 



2. RED ELM Ulmus serotina Sargent 



This tree is known to inhabit banks and bluffs only in parts of Tennessee, 

 Georgia, and Alabama, and is thus apparently one of the most restricted in geo- 

 graphic distribution, though its range is hkely enough to be extended when it 



becomes better known. It some- 

 times attains a height of 16 me- 

 ters, with a trunk diameter of 

 about I meter; it was long sup- 

 posed, from the similarity of its 

 leaves, to be identical with the 

 more northern Cork elm U. 

 Thomasii Sargent. 



The bark is thin and not 

 deeply fissured, fight brown and 

 scaly. The young twigs are 

 smooth or nearly so, and reddish 

 brown; they become grayish after 

 the first year's growth and usually 

 corky-winged. The leaves are 

 oblong to ovate or somewhat ob- 

 ovate, pointed, often long-pointed, 

 firm in texture but rather thin, 

 smooth or very nearly so, shining 

 and light green on the upper sur- 

 PiG. 303. Red Elm. id.ce, hairy on the veins on the 



under side, coarsely toothed, 5 to 10 cm. long, with stalks 7 mm. long or less, the 

 stipules about as long as the stalks and falling away when the blades are nearly 

 fully grown. The flowers are in small racemes in the axils of leaves of the sea- 

 son, appearing in the autumn; the calyx is cleft nearly to the base into blunt 

 spatulate lobes and is considerably shorter than the stamens. The samara is ob- 

 long to elfiptic, 10 to 12 mm. long, stalked, and fringed with long white hairs. 



