XXVII. CALYCANTHA CE^ : CALYCA NTHUS. 



453 



Sunonymes. Calvc&nthi sp. Lin., Lam., Willd. ; BiMntiria Du Ham. Arb., 1. p. Il-J., not of Lin. ; 

 Beurrerm Ehret Pict. t 13.; Baster?o Adans. Fam. 2. p.294. ; Pompadouia Buchoz ; Caly- 

 cauthe, Ft: ; Gewiirzstrauch (spice shrub), Kelch Blurae, Ger. ; Calicanto, I/al. 



Derivation. From kalux, a calyx, and ant/ws, a flower; the caljx is coloured, and resembles a 

 corolla. The name allspice was given to it by the inhabitants oi Carolina, from the strong aro- 

 matic smell of the bark. 



Gen. Char. Lobes of calyx disposed in many series, imbricate, lanceolate, 

 all somewhat coriaceous and coloured. Stamens unequal, deciduous, 

 12 outer ones fertile. Achenia numerous. (Don's Mill.) 



Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; entire, coriaceous. 

 Flowers axillary, rising after the leaves, of a lurid purple colour, and 

 sweet-scented, as well as the bark and leaves. 



Deciduous shrubs, natives of North America ; propagated, in England, by 

 layers. DeCandolie states that the removal of the terminal leaf bud of a 

 shoot causes the production of two new flower buds ; and that by this practice 

 a succession of flowers, during the whole summer, may be obtained when 

 desirable. {Dec. Prod.) 



1. C. flo'ridus L. The flowery Calycanthus, or Carolina Allspice. 



Identification. Lin. Sp., 718.; Nutt. Gen. Amer., 1. p. 312. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 2. ; Don's Mill., 2- 



p. 652. 

 Synontpnes. C. siexWis IValt. Car. 151.; sweet-scented Shrub, in Carolina; common American 



Allspice ; Calycanthe de la Caroline, Fr. ; Carolinische Kelch Blume, Ger. ; Pompadur, Itai. 

 Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 503. ; Du Ham. Arb., 1. t. 45. ; Lam. 111., t. 445. f. 1. ; Guimp. Abb. 



Holz., t.4. ; otiTfig. 810. ; andjfg. 811. showing the fruit. 



Spec. Char., Sj-c. Wood 

 of the trunk, and es- 

 pecially of the root, 

 intensely camphor- 

 scented. Branches 

 spreading ; branch lets 

 tomentose. Leaves 

 oval, tomentose be- 

 neath. Flowers mostly 

 abortive. Fruit top- ^^^ 

 shaped. (Dec Prod.) ^^ 

 A dense orbiculate 

 bush. Carolina, on the 

 shaded banks of rivu- 

 caijcintha. iiuridus. ]gjg_ Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. 



Introduced in 1726. Flowers dusky, purple, scented ; May to August. 

 Fruit brown, rarely seen in England. General aspect of the foliage, in 

 summer, dark brownish green. Decaying leaves bright yellow. Naked 

 young wood dark brown. 



Varieties. DeCandolie gives two forms of this species : 



^ C. f. 1 oblongiis, leaves oblong (Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 2., 3. p. 282.) ; and 



* C. /. 2 ovdtus, leaves roundishly ovate {Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 2., 3. 



^, I?- 282.). 



The following varieties are in Loddiges's Catalogue for 1836 ; and plants 

 of most of them are in their arboretum, and in that of the Horticultural 

 Society : 



* C. /. 3 asplenifuliiis has cut leaves. 



* C. f. 4^ferax has fertile flowers. 



^ C. f. 5 glaucus has leaves somewhat glaucous. 



^ C. f. 6 inodmiis has flowers nearly scentless. 



^ C. f. 1 longifoUus has elongated leaves. 



^ C. f. S varicgatus has variegated leaves. 



The flowers grow singly on short peduncles at the extremity of the 

 'tranches ; they have two series of narrow thick sepals, which spread open, 

 iind turn inward at the top, like those of the anemone or clematis. It thrives 



G G 3 



S12. C. flOncius. 



U 



