LXX. CORYLA'cEiE : QUE'RCUS. 



885 



consequence. By far the most important product which this tree i^^j-^^jv 

 yields, is its outer bark, which forms the cork of commerce. The ^^^^^^^^ 

 bark is separated by first making a circular cut round the trunk, ^^^^^y 

 immediately under the main branches, and another at a few inches f^^ 

 above the surface of the ground. Tiie portion of bark intervening ^^ 



between the two cuts is then split down in three or four places; ,623. Q.shber. 

 tare being taken, both in making the circular cuts, and also the 

 longitudinal ones, not to penetrate the inner bark. This operation is commonly 

 performed in July, or in the beginning of August, when the second sap flows 

 plentifully. The tree is now left for 8 or 10 years, when it is again disbarked 

 as before. In British gardens Q. >Suber is propagated by imported acorns, or 

 by inarching on Q. /^lex. 



3? i? 34. Q. Pseu'do-5u^er Desf. The False-Cork Oak. 



Idenliflcation. Desf. Atl., 2. p. 348. ; N. Du Ham., 7. p 174. 



Synuitymes. Chene faux Liege, Chene de Gibraltar, Fr. ; Unachte Kork-Eiche, Ger. Bosc states 



that he possesses a loaf of d- Turner;, which was brought to him. from Kew by L'Heritier, and 



that it is identical with Q. PseCido-Siaber ; but the leaves of d. 



Tiirner; are not in the slightest degree hoary or glaucous beneath, 



nor has it a corky bark. See No. 3-5. 

 En^ravinj^s. Sant.Viagg., t. 4.; Spreng. Antiq. Bot j t. 1. ; N. Du 



Ham., 7. t. 48. f. 2. ; and our^o'. 1625. 



Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves ovate-oblong or lanceolate ; 

 sinuated, dentated, or serrated ; hoary beneath. 

 Bark fungous, cracked. Nut ovate. Calyx muri- 

 cated, with lax, recurved, linear scales. (Desf.) A 

 sub-evergreen tree. Mountains of Tuscany, Spain, 

 and Barbary, Mount Atlas, and near Tangier. 

 Height 50 or 60 ft. Introduced in 1824.. 



Variefi/. 



f Q. P. 2 Fontanesn. Q. FontanesM Guss., Arb. 

 Brit. 1st edit. p. 1925. (Our /g. 1624.) 

 Either identical with this species, or a very 

 slight variety of it. 



The bark is corky, though less so than that of Q. iSuber. Young branches 

 downy or hoary ; sometimes smooth, striated. Des- 

 fontaines describes the bark as fungous, as very thick, 

 and as being, without doubt, capable of replacing the 

 cork of Europe. The leaves are oval-oblong, dentated 

 or serrated ; smooth above, and pubescent beneath, 

 remaining green a part of the winter ; so that the tree 

 may be considered as forming the connecting link be- 

 tween the evergreen oaks and the deciduous ones. Q. 

 Suher angustitbhum and Q. Suher dentatum (p. 884.) 

 pseudo suber. nvdy posslbly be forms of this species. 



I -Ad. Q. Tu'rnerz Willd. Turner's Oak. 



Identification. Willd. Enum., 975. ; Baumz., p. 339. 

 Synunymes. Q. hyhrida Hort. ; Chene de Turner, Fr. ; Tur- 



nersche Eiche, Ger. 

 Engravings. Willd. Baumz., t. 3. f.2. ; and om Jig. 1626. from 



a living specimen. 



Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves oblong, mucronatej 

 dentate ; glabrous on both sides ; somewhat 

 wedge-shaped at the base. Branchlets hairy. 

 ( IVilld.) A sub-evergreen, or nearly ever- 

 green tree, apparently a hybrid between Q. 

 pedunculata and Q. /'lex, having been found 

 in a bed of seedlings of the former species, in 

 1795 or before, in Turner's Nursery, at Hol- 

 lovvay Down, Essex. Height 40 ft. to 50 ft. 



3l 3 



IC'H Q P. Fontaniibii. 



Ifi26. Q. Tlirneri. 



