Lxxvii. coni'fer^. : ^/'bies. 1027 



fig. 1922.) are much more pointed than those of the 

 common spruce, and longer. 



f A, /?. 3 carpaticn. A. carpatica Hort. This varit ty 

 has vigorous shoots, and foliage as dense and long 

 as that of the preceding, but lighter. 



? A e. ^ 'peudida. ^. communis pendula ^oo/'/i. Dis- 

 tinguished from the species by the drooping habit of 

 its branches; and also by the darker glossy green 

 colour, and greater length, of its leaves. 



i A. e. bfbliis vanegdtk. Leaves blotched with yellow, 

 and a more compact dwarf-growing tree than the 

 species. 



A. e. 6 C/anbrasi/lhna. A low, compact, round bush, i9<,2. a. e. nssra. 



seldom seen higher than 3 or 4 feet, and never, that 

 we have heard of, producing either male or female blossoms. The 

 annual shoots are from 1 in. to 4 in. in length ; the leaves from i in. 

 to ^ in. long, and their colour is lighter than in the species. 



A. e. 7 Clanbrasil'iixua stricta. More erect than the [)receding variety. 



A. e. 8 pijgmcB'a. A. nana in the Horticultural Society's Garden ; //. 



elegans SniitJi of Ayr. Dwarfer than A. e Clanbrasili. 



A. e. 9 tenuijolia. A. tenuifolia Smith of Ayr. Very slender leaves 



and shoots, 

 t A. <?. 10 gigantea. A. gigantea Smilh of Ayr. Leaves rather larger 

 and stronger than those of the species. 



A. e. 11 mnnstrosa. A. monstrosa Hort. Shoots and leaves thicker 



than those of the species, with few or no lateral branches. 

 A. 6". 12 mucrondta Hort. Leaves disposed on the branches like 

 those of Araucaria imbricata. The only plant that we know of is in 

 the nursery of the Grand Trianon. (See Gard. Mag. for 1841.) 



Ol'icr Varieties may be found in the nurseries and in books ; for the tree is 

 very liable to sport, both in its branches and in the seed bed. Bosc mentions 

 a variety which had been sent to him from the Vosges, with the leaves Hatter 

 and more pointed than the common spruce, and with different cones. Hayes 

 speaks of a seminal variety of the spruce, which has been denominated the 

 long-coned Cornish fir, the cones being frequently nearly 1 ft. long ; and of 

 which, in the year 1790, there was a fine tree in the park of Avondale, in the 

 county of Wicklow. (Fract. Treat., p. Ifio.) Pinus viminalis Alstrwm. jtht 

 Hdngetanne (weeping fir) of Sweden, with long slender [jendulous leafless 

 twigs, is frequently found there in fir woods (see Link, Al)h and., p. 182.), 

 but has not yet been introduced. There is a very beautiful variety at 

 Harewood Hall, in Yorkshire (see Arh. Brit., 1st edit., p. 2599. \ which we 

 believe has not been propagated. Linnaeus has five varieties in his Flora 

 Suecica. According to Gtertner the species is exhibited in two forms, called 

 the white and the red Norway spruce ; one with pale, and the other with 

 deep-coloured, cones ; but the timber of both is white. 



The wood of the spruce fir is light, elastic, and varying in durability according 

 to the soil on which it has grown. Its colour is either a reddish or a yellowish 

 white, and it is much less resinous than the wood of F. s\ Ivestris. According to 

 Hartig, it weighs 64 lb. 1 1 oz. per cubic foot when green, 49 lb. 3 oz. when half- 

 dry ; and .'i.5 lb. 2oz. when quite dry; and it shrinks in bulk one seventieth part in 

 drying. The ashes furnish potash ; and the trunk protluces an immense quan- 

 tity of resin, from which Burgundy pitch is made. The resin is obtained by 

 incisions made in the bark, when it oozes out between that and the soft wood ; 

 and the mode of procuring and manufacturing it will be foimd detailed in our 

 1st edition. The piincipal use to which the wood is applied is, for scaflbld- 

 ing-poles, ladders, spars, oars, and masts to small vessels; for which purposes, 

 the greater proportion of the importations of spruce fir timber from Norway 

 are in the form of entire trunks, often with the bark on, from .30 ft. to 60 ft. 



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