1036 



ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 



poses of the tanner. In England, the hemlock spruce forms one of the most 

 ornamental of the fir family; being among needle-leaved evergreen trees what 

 the weeping willow is among the willows. As it bears the knife, and is ex- 

 tremely hardy, it might be employed as hedges ; for which purpose it is used 

 in the American nurseries, along with the Thuja occidentalis. Seeds are 

 annually imported, and even produced by old trees in this country. 



E. Native of Nepal. 

 ? 1 1. J. DUMo\sA. The bushy vi/pe Spruce Fir. 



Synonymes. Pinus duinfisa Lamb. Pin. ed. 2., 



1. t. 4H. ; yj'bies Bxuno7U(ina Lindl. in Penn. 



Cyc. vol. i. No. 9. ; P decidua (('. MS. ; P. 



Bruno;(Jn Wall. Plant As. rar. 3. p. 24. 

 EngrttPings. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. t. 4fi. ; Wall. 



Plant As. rar., 3. t. 247. ; and our Jigs. 1930. 



and 1937. 



Spec. Char., 4"c. Leaves solitary, linear, 

 obtuse, mostly on one side of the 

 branches; glaucous beneath, denticu- 

 lated. C!ones ovate, terminal, soli- 

 tary ; bracteoles wedge-shaped, pH- 

 cate, emarginate, glabrous. (Lamb.) 

 Leaves |- in. long. Cones, scales, 

 and seeds scarcely different from 

 those of A. canadensis. A dense 

 and very bushy tree, with the ap- 

 pearance of A. canadensis. Nef)al. 

 Height 70 ft. to 80 ft. Introd. 1838. 



1936. A. dumosa. 



1937. A. dumosa. 



Ofher Species of A^bics. A. MerfensiaiVd Borig. and A. sitchcnsi'! Bong, are 

 mentioned by M. Bongard in his observations on the Island of Sitcha, on the 

 west coast of North America, in N. lat. 57^", as indigenous there. The article 

 is quoted in the Annates des Sciences Naturelles, 2d ser., torn. iii. p. 237. ; 

 but no description is given. A. trigana, A. hetero-phylla, A. aromdticn, A. 

 micropliylln, A. obliqiidta, and A.falcata are mentioned by Rafinesque as being 

 found in the Oregon country ; but, as he gives no description of these trees, 

 it is uncertain whether they belong to J'bies or Picea. The same observations 

 will apply to A. hirtella Humboldt et Kunth Nov. Gen. et Sp. Plant, pi. 2. 

 p. 5., of which nothing is known either of the flowers or cones ; to A. 

 K(Bniifh\\ ?inA. A. ThunbtrgW, mentioned by Thunberg ; and to A, Morni, A. 

 Toriino, and A. Araragi, enumerated by Sieboldt in Verhand. Batav. Genootsch., 

 xii. p. 12., as quoted in Pen. Cyc. 



Genus III. ' 



FY C^ A D. Don. The Silver Fir. Linn. Syst. Monce'cia Monadelphia. 



Jdcntificnlion. D. Don MS. 



Synonymes. P\n\\% J.in. in part ; Plnus sect. Fe\Xi:e^ D. Don in Lamb. Pin. ed. 2. vol. 2. ; ^^bies 

 Link, Nees vim Escnbcch, and Lcdrhour ; //'bies Dii lioi, in part ; Sapin, Fr. ; Tannen, Ger. 



Derii'ntion. From ;)?.r, pitch ; the tree producing abundance of resin. Loiseleur Deslongchampa 

 observes that the silver fir was callwl by the ancients Abies, and the spruce Picea ; and that 

 Linnaeus has cre.ited much confusion by reversing the application of the names. He proposes, 

 therefore, to call the silver fir /J'bies vera, and the spruce fir yJMiies Picea. (N. Dn Ham., v. 214. 

 note.) Link has divided tlie spruces and silver firs into two genera, and given the classical names 

 of Picea to the firi-t genus, and Wbies to the second (see Ahliand. Akad. der Wissenschaften, jahr 

 18i'7, p. I!i7.) ; and in this he has been followed by Nees von Esenbeck and Ledebour. We have 

 followed Lambert and D. Don, as already stated under yJ'bies, p. 1025. 



Gen. Cliar. The same as in Pinus and J^bies, but differing in having the cones 

 erect. Strobile cylindrical, with its carpels not thickened at the tip. Both 

 carpels and bracteas separate from the axis of the strobile. The leaves are 

 obviously 2-ranked in direction. 



