ducing divisions produced 12.4 percent of the total crop. In 1959, four 

 divisions produced 90.1 percent of the total, while the three smallest 

 producing divisions produced only 2.2 percent of the total. This is an- 

 other indication of increasing area specialization in apple production. 

 Also indicated in Tahle 4 is the bearing age tree productivity for the 

 several geographic divisions of the United States. The areas that are 

 apparently specializing in apple production are the ones with high yields 

 per tree. It can be expected that the heavy planting of dwarf trees in 

 the Pacific will cut yields per tree in future years. If the trend to plant- 

 ing dwarf trees continues, measures of productivity will have to be 

 shifted from a "per tree" to a "per acre" basis. At the present time, 

 adequate data on acreages of apple trees do not exist. 



Table 4. Apple Production in the Geographical Divisions of the 

 United States, Average 1919-1921 and Average 1958-1960 



Source: For the years 1919-1921. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Yearbook 1921, 

 p. 625. 



For the years 1958-1960. Agricultural Statistics, 1960, U.S.D.A. Statistical Abstract 

 of the U. S., 1961. 



Labor Productivity 



Time series data are not available on laljor productivity in apple 

 production. A rough approximation of relative change over time can be 

 obtained, however, from data published annually in "Agricultural Sta- 

 tistics."- During the period 1920-1924, an average of 748 million man 

 hours were employed to produce an average crop of 9.9 million tons of 

 fruit. 3 During the period 1955-1959, the production of fruit had in- 

 creased 76 percent to an average yearly crop of 17.5 million tons; the 



2 U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Statistics: annual publication 

 (Washington: Government Printing Office). 



3 The inputs of labor included that used in the production of nuts as well as fruit. 

 Since the production of nuts in the United States from 1928-1958 was consistently less 

 than 1 percent of the production of fruit (by weight) it seems acceptable to ignore 

 the production of nuts in this analysis. 



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