6o 



head and pointing over it, and also a similar long tuft at the tail. 

 When adult it is two inches long, and is seen from May to September. 

 The chrysalis is yellow, and lies under an oval-shaped yellow-grey 

 web, in which are to be seen the hairs of the larva. 



The males are easily observed on account of their active flight. 



When the female emerges from the cocoon, it settles on the outside, 

 and lays three hundred or more eggs on and around the cocoon. Most 

 of the eggs hatch out in two or three weeks, but many do not hatch 

 out until late spring the following year. 



When the larvae are adult they spin their cocoons, which are 

 attached to leaves or twigs, or even crevices in the bark. 



Two broods in the same year are quite common, and all stages of 

 the insect from egg to adult can be seen at the same time. 



Insecticides. Remove and destroy all cocoons when found, 

 especially those with eggs on them, or those found in winter. 



Also spray when the larvae are seen with 5 Ib. of lead arseniate to 

 100 gall, of water, this spray poisoning the larva's food. 



6. THE GOAT MOTH, Cossus ligniperda. ORDER LEPIDOPTERA. 



The moth is mottled grey and brown, with a wing expanse of three 

 to four inches. 



The eggs are laid on the trunk, from the base of the tree to a 

 height of seven feet, in the middle of summer. 



The larvae are mahogany-red on the back and dirty yellow on 

 the sides. 



They are three inches long when adult, and live for three years. 



They bore their way into the stem of the tree, and feed on the 

 tissues. 



Their presence may generally be observed by a heap of reddish 

 excreta on the ground near the stem, the large holes in the bark, and 

 the fearful odour they emit. 



Insecticides. Smear the base of the stems with clay and cow-dung 

 to prevent the moth laying its eggs there. 



Push a piece of pointed, pliable wire up the passages and tunnels 

 in the tree, and you can thus get the larvae. 



Place a piece of potassium cyanide in the openings of the holes, 

 and close these with clay, and so the fumes will kill the larvae. 



7. THE SMALL APPLE ERMINE MOTH, Hyponomeuta malinella. 

 ORDER LEPIDOPTERA. 



The moth has a wing expanse of one inch. 



This pest resembles the lackey moth insomuch that the larvae 

 live in colonies in web-nests. 



The eggs are laid in roundish yellow or brown patches on the 

 twigs, and are protected with a covering of gum. 



The larvae emerge in October, being minute, having yellow bodies 

 with black heads. 



