6 9 



The larvae are. legless and hairy, and of a creamish colour. 



The pupa is pale and brownish white. 



The female deposits her eggs just beneath the soil in August. 



The larvae hatch out in seven to ten days, and at once enter the soil 

 and feed upon various roots, and preferably strawberry roots. 



Pupation takes place in the spring, the pupa being found in an 

 earthen cell about two inches below the soil level, where it remains 

 from fourteen to twenty days. 



There are two broods in one year. 



Remedies, Pour boiling water all round the tree in September and 

 onwards to kill the larvae ; or inject naphthalene into the soil for the 

 same purpose. 



3. THE RED PLUM MAGGOT, Opadia funebrana. ORDER LEPIDOPTERA. 



This is a very common pest of plums, and, as the larvae live within 

 the fruits which do not fall off the trees, they are often seen in bottled 

 fruits. 



The moths are seen in June and July, when the female deposits 

 her eggs on the developing fruit at the stalk base. 



The larvae emerge in ten days, and at once eat their way into the 

 fruit. They are reddish-brown in colour, with yellow sides, and the 

 eighth, ninth, eleventh, and thirteenth segments have each two dark 

 lateral spots. Each segment has three pairs of lateral hairs, except 

 the last, which has a number of small hairs. The adult larva is half 

 an inch long. 



On entering the fruit, they eat a tunnel through the fleshy portion 

 until they come to the stone, when they gradually form a larger cavity. 



When full fed they leave the fruit, and spin silky white cocoons 

 under the bark or under rubbish on the ground, in which they hibernate, 

 and pupate in the spring. 



Insecticides. All fallen, grub-eaten fruits should be burnt ; shake 

 the trees to make all infested fruit drop, and then collect it and burn it. 



Winter wash with caustic washes to remove all hiding-places for 

 the larvae. 



4. THE PLUM-LEAF SAWFLY, Cladius padi. ORDER HYMENOPTERA. 



It is a very common pest in plum orchards, but does not do much 

 damage. 



It also attacks the cherry, bullace, pear, bramble, rose, &c. 



At first sight the attack resembles that of the pear and cherry 

 sawfly, but these larvae eat the lower epidermis and mesophyll, and 

 leave the upper epidermis alone. 



Later on the larvae eat out large holes in the leaves, which shrivel 

 up. 



The flies appear in May and June, when the female deposits her eggs 

 on the underside of the leaves. 



The larvae emerge in ten days, and at once commence to feed upon 

 the epidermis of the underside of the leaf. The young larvae are of a 



