72 



are full fed about the end of August, and pupate in the walls of the 

 cavities. The adult larva is half an inch long and of a flesh- 

 coloured appearance. 



The moths emerge in a fortnight after pupation, and just when the 

 moth is ready to pupate, the pupa pushes its way through the bark. 



The pupa, enclosed in a cocoon, is dark brown in colour. 



The eggs from this brood are laid in September, and the larvae live 

 beneath the bark until the following spring. 



They continue to eat until late October, and commence again in 

 March or April. 



Insecticides. Smear the trunks in June and November to a height 

 of three feet with one part of powdered naphthalene to three parts of 

 clay with enough water to make a paste ; this smothers and kills the 

 larvae in their tunnels. 



These, with the pear and cherry sawfly, which has been explained 

 under " Insects attacking the Pear Tree," are the most important 

 pests, others being : 



1. Wood Leopard Moth, Zeuzera pyrina . . Order Lepidoptera 



2. Gold Tail Moth, Porthesia similis . . ,, ,, 



3. Scalloped Hazel Moth, Odontopera bidentata . ,, ,, 



4. Mottled Umber Moth, Hybernia defoliaria . ,, ,, 



5. Green Pug Moth, Chloroclystis rectangulata . ,, ,, 



6. Cherry Fruit Moth, Argyresthia nitidella 



7. Plum-leaf Sawfly, Cladius padi . . . ,, Hymenoptera 



8. Red-legged Garden Weevil, Otiorhynchus tene- 



bricosus ,, Coleoptera 



9. Plum Bark Beetle, Scolytus rugulosus . 



All these can be remedied by spraying when the larvae are seen with 

 4-6 Ib. of lead arseniate to 100 gall, of water, and in the case of the 

 beetles shake the trees over tarred paper to catch them. 



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 LONDON AND ETON 



