138 GRAFTAGE. 



which has first been pared and smoothed. If the wound 

 contains a hole, plug it with seasoned wood. 



22. Hoskins' Wax. Boil pine tar slowly for three or four 

 hours ; add y^. of beeswax to a quart of the tar. Have 

 ready some dry and finely sifted clay, and when the mixture 

 of tar and wax is partially cold, stir into the above named 

 quantity about 12 ounces of the clay ; continue the stirring 

 until the mixture is so stiff and so nearly cool that the clay 

 will not settle. This is soft enough in mild weather to be 

 easily applied with a knife or spatula. 



23. Schaefell's Healing Paint. Boil linseed oil (free from 

 cotton-seed oil ) one hour, with an ounce of litharge to each 

 pint of oil ; then stir in sifted wood ashes until the paint is 

 of the proper consistency. Pare the bark until smooth. 

 Paint the wound over in dry weather, and if the wound is 

 very large, cover with a gunny-sack. 



24. Tar for Bleeding in Vines. Add to tar about three 

 or four times its weight of powdered slate or some similar 

 substance. Apply with an old knife or flat stick. 



25. Hot Iron for Bleeding in Vines. Apply a hot iron 

 to the bare surface until it is charred, and then rub into the 

 charred surface a paste made of newly-burnt lime and 

 grease. 



26. Collodion for Bleeding in Vines. It may be applied 

 with a feather or small brush. In some extreme cases, two 

 or three coats will be needed, in which case allow the col- 

 lodion to form a film before applying another coat. Phar- 

 maceutical collodion is better than photographic. 



4. NURSERY MANAGEMENT. 



The greater part of the field nurseries of the United 

 States are engaged in raising grafted or budded plants. It 

 is germane to the present chapter, therefore, to add some 

 general notes upon the management of nurseries and nur- 

 sery lands. A large part of the management of these es- 

 tablishments, however, is pure business, and is governed 



