220 THE NURSERY LIST. 



Cucumber-tree. See Magnolia. 



Cunninghamia (Broad-leaved China Fir). Conifer cz. 

 Increased by seeds, and cuttings of growing wood. 



Cuphea. Lythracecz. 



Increased easily by seed ; but cuttings of the perennial 

 sorts strike freely in spring, in brisk bottom heat. 



Cupressus (Cypress). Conifercz. 



Seeds may be collected in early spring, and should be 

 sown in April in a warm, friable soil. Cuttings of grow- 

 ing or mature wood, much as for Retinospora, which see. 



Curculigo. AmarylUdace&. 



Seeds ; also by suckers, which form at the base of 

 the stem. 



Curcuma (Turmeric). Scitaminecz. 

 Increased by root division. 



Currant ( Ribes rubrum y R. nigrum and R. aureum). Sax- 



ifragacece. 



New varieties are grown from seeds, which may be 

 sown in the fall or stratified until spring. Commercial 

 varieties are nearly always multiplied by hard-wood cut- 

 tings (Fig. 65). The cuttings may be taken in spring and 

 placed directly in the ground, but better results are ob- 

 tained by taking them in the fall or late summer. Many 

 nurserymen prefer to take them in August, strip off the 

 leaves, and bury them in bunches with the butts up. 

 They may remain in this condition or in a cellar all win- 

 ter, or they may be planted in the fall. Currant cuttings 

 strike readily, however, under any method. Some grow- 

 ers cut out the buds which stand below the surface of the 

 ground, to prevent suckering, but this is not generally 

 practiced ; the suckers are cut off when the cuttings are 

 removed from the cutting-bed, either to be sold or to be 

 transplanted into nursery rows. Strong plants, such as 

 eastern markets demand, are usually obtained by allow- 

 ing the cuttings to stand for two years before sale. 

 Green layering is sometimes practiced with rare sorts, or 

 single eyes may be used, as in grapes. Tip-layering, as 

 in the black raspberry, may also be employed. (See 

 page 36.) Weak or low sorts are sometimes grafted 

 upon stronger ones, in order to give them a tree form, 



