244 THE NURSERY LIST. 



Grape, continued. 



callusing process, but they are not used in common or 

 commercial practice. The cuttings are tied in bundles of 

 50 or 10 , and stored in sand, moss, or sawdust in a cellar, 

 until spring, when they are planted in rows in the open. 

 Some varieties, of which the Delaware is an example, do 

 not strike readily from cuttings. Some growers start 

 common cuttings of these under glass in spring. Others 

 bury the bundles of cuttings in a warm exposure in the 

 fall, with the butt ends up and about level with the surface 

 of the ground. This affords bottom heat to the butts and 

 induces callusing. (See page 57. ) At the approach of cold 

 weather the cuttings are removed to a cellar, or are heavily 

 mulched and allowed to remain where buried. Storing is 

 safer. Some growers obtain the same results by burying 

 upside down in a cellar. These slow-rooting sorts often 

 start well if they are simply kept in a warm cellar but 

 where the buds will not swell all winter, as the callusing 

 is then hastened. At the end of the first season the plants 

 may be transplanted. The plants are often sold at this 

 age, but buyers usually prefer two-year-old plants. 



Single bud or "eye" cuttings are largely used for the 

 newer and rarer varieties. These are cut from the canes 

 in the fall, the same as long cuttings, and are stored in 

 boxes of sand or moss. A month before the weather 

 becomes settled, these boxes may be taken into a house 

 or greenhouse, or put in a mild hotbed, to induce the for- 

 mation of the callus. They may then be planted out- 

 doors, and a fair proportion of most varieties may be 

 expected to grow. The best and commonest way of han- 

 dling eyes, however, is to start them under glass. They 

 are planted horizontally, or nearly so, and about an inch 

 deep in sand or sandy earth, in a cool greenhouse in late 

 winter in February in the northern states and in about 

 six weeks the plants will be large enough to pot off or to 

 transplant into coldframes or a cool house. If only a few 

 plants are to be grown, they may be started in pots. 

 When the weather is thoroughly settled, they are trans- 

 ferred to nursery rows, and by fall they will make strong 

 plants. There are various ways recommended for the cut- 

 ting of these eyes as cutting the ends obliquely up or 

 down, shaving off the bark below the bud, and so on but 

 the advantages of these fashions are imaginary. A good 

 eye-cutting is shown in Fig. 66. The foreign grapes are 

 propagated by eyes in the north. 



Soft cuttings are sometimes used to multiply new kinds. 



