SHIELD-GRAFTING STOLON. 345 



Shield-grafting. The insertion of a cion with a wedge- 

 shape point into an incision like that used for shield- 

 budding ; cion-budding. Fig. 115. 



Side-grafting. The insertion of a cion with a sharp or 

 wedge-shape point into a diagonal incision into the 

 wood on the side of the stock. Figs. 113, 114, 115. 

 See, also, Veneer-grafting. 



Silver Sand. Clear white sand devoid of organic matter, 

 used for the starting of cuttings. Page 54. 



Slip. See Cutting ; also, page 65. 



Spawn. The dried mycelium of mushrooms, preserved fn 

 dense masses of prepared earth and manure (known as 

 "bricks"), or in loose, strawy litter (known as 

 " French spawn"), or in the loose earth of mushroom 

 beds. 



See, also, Cormel. 



Splice-grafting. The joining of simple oblique surfaces in 

 the stock and cion. Fig. no. 



Spore. The reproductive body of a flowerless plant (or 

 cryptogam), as of ferns, fungi, sea-weeds, and the like. 

 It has no embryo, and it commonly consists of a single 

 cell. 



Spur. A very short branch, usually lateral, which does not 

 increase markedly in length from year to year. The 

 normal office of spurs is to bear flowers and fruit. 



Stem-grafting. Grafting upon the stem or trunk of a plant, 

 between the crown (or the ground) and the top. Page 

 107. 



Stick. A twig of the recent growth of any plant, bearing buds 

 which it is proposed to use in propagation. Fig. 87. 



Stock. In graftage, a plant or part of a plant upon which a 

 cion or bud is set. A free stock is a seedling, in dis- 

 tinction from a grafted stock. 



Stolon. A decumbent shoot which, without artificial aid, 

 takes root and forms an independent plant. The honey- 



