112 



GRAFTAGE. 



707. A modified whip- 

 graft, on a grape 

 stock (xtf). 



first removed, and from the lower end of this cut another 



is made inward and upward, in order to form the tongue. 

 The cion is not cut in two when the tongue is 

 made, as is the stock, but it extends below and 

 also takes root. Cion and stock are then united, 

 as shown in Fig. 107, care being take to have the 

 cambium layers in contact on one side. 

 When cuttings or parts of equal dia- 

 meters are grafted by the tongue-graft, 

 the layers on both sides may be placed 

 together. The tying of grafts is advis- 

 able when small wood is used, but large 

 stocks, when cut below the ground, 

 scarcely require this precaution. When 

 the operation is finished, the soil is 

 heaped up, as in cleft-grafting." 



An old-fashion- 

 ed modification of 



the whip-graft leaves the end of the cion 



4 or 5 inches long, so that it may project 



downwards into a bottle or dish of water, 



thereby absorbing sufficient moisture to 



maintain the cion until it unites with the 



stock. Another modification, with the 



same purpose in view, is to allow the 



ends of the tying material to fall into the 



water. These methods are called "bot- 



tle-grafting" in the books. They 



really of no account, although 



they might be employed for 



certain difficult subjects amongst 



ornamental plants ; but even 



there, better results can be ob- 



tained by placing the grafts in a 



close frame (like that shown in 



Fig. 47), or by packing them in 



J J 



moss, 



108. Double whip-graft 



