SEED- AND CUTTING-GRAFTING. 131 



trees can also be grafted, but the operation is rarely 

 employed. In various coniferous trees (as pines and 

 spruces) the young shoots are sometimes cleft or saddle- 

 grafted in May, the parts being well bandaged with waxed 

 muslin or raffia, and shaded with paper bags. The walnut 

 and some other trees which do not work readily are some- 

 times treated in this manner. 



A little known species of herbaceous-grafting is the join- 

 ing of parts of fruits. It is easily performed upon all fleshy 

 fruits like tomatoes, apples, squashes and cucumbers. 

 When the fruit is half or more grown, one-half is cut away 

 and a similar half from another fruit is applied. Better 

 results follow if the severed side of the parent or stock fruit 

 is hollowed out a little, so as to let the foreign piece set into 

 the cavity. The edges of the epidermis of the stock are 

 then tied up closely against the cion by means of bass or 

 raffia. The two parts are securely tied together, but no wax 

 is required. This operation succeeds best under glass, 

 where conditions are uniform, and where winds do not 

 move the fruits. 



Even leaves may be used as stocks or cions. Any such 

 succulent and permanent leaves as those of the house- 

 leeks, crassula, and the like, may have young shoots 

 worked upon them, and leaves which are used as cuttings 

 can often be made to grow on other plants. 



Seed-grafting. A novel kind of grafting has been de- 

 scribed in France by Pieron, which consists in using a seed 

 as a cion. This has been used upon the grape. A seed 

 is dropped into a gimlet-hole made near the base of the 

 vine while the sap is rising in the spring. The seed ger- 

 minates, and after a time the plantlet unites with the stock. 



Cutting-grafting. Cuttage and graftage may be com- 

 bined in various ways. Cuttings of plants which root with 

 difficulty are sometimes grafted upon those which root 

 easily. A good example is seen in Fig. 105. When the 

 plants are transplanted, the following: autumn or spring, the 



