IEAR FECAN. 293 



Pear, concluded. 



following: Angouleme (Duchess), Anjou, Louise Bonne, 

 Howell, White Doyenne (Virgalieu), Manning's Elizabeth, 

 Lawrence. Varieties which usually thrive better when 

 double-worked are Clairgeau, Bartlett, Seckel, and others. 



The pear can also be grown upon the apple, thorn and 

 mountain ash. Upon the apple it is short-lived, although 

 pear cions, set in the top of an old apple tree, often bear 

 large fruits for a few years. When pear stocks cannot be 

 had, pears are sometimes worked upon apple roots. If 

 the cions are long they will emit roots, and when the ap- 

 ple nurse fails the pear becomes own-rooted. Good 

 dwarf trees are often secured upon the thorn, and there 

 is reason to believe that some of the thorns will be found 

 to be preferable to quince stocks for severe climates and 

 for special purposes. The subject is little understood. 

 The mountain ash is sometimes used for the purpose of 

 growing pears upon a sandy soil, but its use appears to 

 be of little consequence. 



Pears of the Le Conte and Kieffer type are often grown 

 from cuttings in the south. Cuttings are made of the re- 

 cent mature growth, about a foot in length, and are 

 planted in the open ground, after the manner of long 

 grape cuttings. Le Conte, Garber, Smith, and other very 

 strong growers of the Chinese type, are probably best 

 when grown from cuttings. They soon overgrow French 

 stocks, as also apple stocks, which have been used to 

 some extent ; but if long cions are used, own-rooted trees 

 are soon obtained, and the stock will have served a use- 

 ful purpose in pushing the cion the first two or three 

 years. 



Pecan (Hicoria Pecan}. Juglandacece. 



Propagated by seeds. These may be planted as soon 

 as ripe, or stratified until spring. The ground should be 

 well prepared, and the nuts planted about 3 inches deep. 

 By grafting on pecan or common hickory stock that is not 

 over 2 years old. Cions about 6 inches long should be 

 cut during the winter and put in a cool place to hold 

 them back until the stocks have fairly started in the 

 spring. The stalks should then be cut off at (or prefera- 

 bly 3 to 6 inches below) the crown, and the cion inserted. 

 The tongue-graft gives the best result, although, as in all 

 nuts, the skill of the grafter is more important than the 

 method. Bandage securely, and bank with earth nearly 

 to the top of the cion, to keep it moist. It can also be 

 T 



