112 



HUMAN HISTOKY 



Europe. The names of the cultural periods, it may be remarked, 

 are taken from the places where either specimens of the culture 

 were first found, or where they are seen at their best. Thus 

 Chellean is derived from Chelles a palaeolithic station close to 

 Paris Acheuleari from St. Acheul in the valley of the Sornme, 

 Mousterian from Le Moustier on the right bank of the Yezere, 

 and so on. 



Period. Date. 



1,000 B.C. 



1,800 



2,000 



4,000 



Post-Glacial 5 ' 000 



7,000 



10,000 



12,000 



16,000 



20,000 



25,000 



Fourth Glacial 50,000 



Third Genial 150,000 



Culture. 



t Europe 



I Orient 



(Europe 

 Orient 

 ( Copper 

 1 Swiss Lake 

 . . . (Early 



Azilian 



Upper ' Magdalenian 



Palaeolithic , Solutrian 



Aurignacian 



Racial Type. 



Iron 



Bronze 



Neolithic 



Middle 



Modem racial types. 



Briinn and other races. 



Cro-Magnon and 

 Grimaldi. 



Palaeolithic \ 



Mousterian . H. neanderthalensis. 



Third Glacial 

 Second Genial 

 Second Glacial 

 First Genial 

 First Glacial 

 Beginning of 

 Pleistocene 



175,000 



375,000 



400,000 



475,000 



500,000 



525,000 , 



Lower 

 Palaeolithic 



/Acheulean 

 ] CheUean 

 I Pre-Chellean 



Eoanthropus. 



H. heidelbergensis. 



Pithecanthropus. 



5. Turning to the fossil remains of man we have first to deal 

 with Pithecanthropus. In September 1891 Dr. Eugene Dubois 

 of Amsterdam discovered at Trinil in Java certain fossil remains ; 

 he continued to excavate for some two years, and succeeded in 

 finding other remains, all of which he attributed to the same 

 individual. To this individual he gave the name of Pithecan- 

 thropus erectus. 1 Dubois considered that the strata in which 



1 Dubois, Pithecanthropus erectus ; einernenschendhnliche UbergangsformausJava. 

 Dubois has published several other papers and the literature is very large. The 

 earlier literature has been summarized by Klaatsch (Zoologisches Centralblatt, 

 vol. vi, 1899, p. 217), and by Schwalbe (Zett. fur Morph. und Anth., Bd. 1, 1899, 

 p. 16). For a concise account see Duckworth, Morphology and Anthropology, 

 pp. 510 ff. The remains consist of the upper portion of a skull, a left femur, 

 a second left upper molar, a third right upper molar and a second left lower 

 pre-molar. The last tooth was not found by Diibois but by subsequent excavators. 



