NOTES ON ICHTHYOLOGY. 21 



Order II. Family I continued. 

 Species. 



Chub. (Leuciscut cephalut.) 



Ide. ( Leuei8cun i*l/<x.) 



Graining. (LmettOU rMncastritnii*.) 



Red-eye, or Rudd. ( Leucisciis erythrophthalmu*.) 



Azuriue. (Leuciscut ceeruleua.) 



Bleak. (Leuciscus alburnug.) 



Minnow. (Leuciscus pftoxinus.) 



Loach. (Cobitis barbatuta.) 



Spined Loach, or Groundling. ( Cobitis teenia). 

 Family 2. Pikes ESOCID.E. 

 Species. 



Common Pike, or Jack. ( Esox lucius.) 

 Family 4. Salmon and Trout SALMONID.S. 



mon. (Salmo mlar.) 

 Bull Trout. (Grey Trout, Sewin, or RoundtaiL) (Salmo eriox.) 

 Salmon Trout. (Salmo trutta.) 

 Common Trout. ( Salmo fario. ) 

 Great Lake Trout. (Salmo ferox}. 

 Loch Leven Trout. (Salmo levenensit.) 

 Charrs. 



Grayling. (Thymallus vulffarii.) 

 Gwyniad. ( Coregonu Pennanti.) 

 Powan. (Coregonus Cepedei.) 

 Pollan. (Coregonwt pollan.) 

 Vendace orVendis. (Corregonus Willughbii.) 



Order III. SOFT-FINNED FISH- having lower arms. 

 Family 1. .Cod-GADiD^:. 

 Species. 



Burbot, or Eel-pout. (Lota vulgaris.) 



Order IV. SOFT-FINNED FISH lacking ventral fins. 

 Family 1. Eels MUR^ENID^;. 

 Species. 



Sharp-nosed Eel. (Anffuilla acutirostri*.) 

 Broad-nosed Eel. (Anguilla latirontris.) 

 Snig. (Anguilla media rostris.) 



2ND SERIES. CAETILAGIKOUS FISH. 

 Order II. FISH WITH FIXED GILLS. 



Family 1. Fish with mouth formed into a bucket CYCLOSTOMATA. 

 Species. 



Lamprey, or Sea Lamprey. (Petromyzon mannus.) 

 Lampern, or River Lamprey. (Petromyzonjiuviatilis.) 

 Fringed-lipped Lampern. (Petromyzon Planeri.) 



An example of the above may be thus written. The Perch is a fish of 

 the first series of true or bony fish, of the first order of Acanthopterygian 

 or spiny-finned fishes of the first family of Perches (percidoe) and of the 

 species Percafluviatilis. Another example may be further written with 

 advantage that no possible difficulty may be experienced by the reader in 

 understanding the classification given. Thus the common Carp is also of 

 the first series of true or bony fish (as distinct from the cartilaginous, 

 instance lamprey), but of the second order of soft-fined with ventral fins 

 on body, orMalacopterygiaadominales, and its species is Cyprinus carpio. 

 As will be perceived, the chief difference between the commonest 

 fresh- water fishes is the absence or presence of spinea in the fins. If 

 when the absolute novice takes a fish he first examines the fins and finds 

 it has spines and no ventral fins, he has determined, if he have the 



