THE CHARRS. 297 



tation because far greater authorities (with but scant acknowledgment, 

 be it said) have done the same. Couch and Pennell have extracted from 

 the magnificent paper of Giinther's, and I, albeit with more modesty 

 and thanks, do the same. 



Willoughby's charr (Salmo Wttloughbii), the charr of Windermere, 

 is thus described (I condense the description) : Body compressed, 

 slightly elevated ; length of the head, a little more than half of the 

 distance of the snout and the orbital from the origin of the dorsal 

 fin ; head compressed, inter-orbital space convex, its width being less 

 than twice the diameter of the eye. Jaws of equal length anteriorly ; 

 teeth of moderate strength, four in each inter-maxillary, twenty in the 

 maxillary. Length of the pectoral fin, less than that of the head, much 

 more than half between its root and that of the ventral ; nostrils imme- 

 diately before the eye. The maxillary bone (mystache) extends scarcely 

 beyond the hindmost margin of the eye ; two pairs of teeth on the vomer, 

 four pairs on the tongue. The bones of the gill membrane are said not 

 to be equal in all cases on each side. The origin of the dorsal fin is 

 exactly in the middle, between the snout and the root of the caudal ; 

 the rays twelve in number, the first very short, fourth and fifth longest. 

 Anal fin with twelve rays, its origin exactly in the middle, between the 

 root of the caudal and that of the outer ventral ray, the first ray very 

 small, the five first rays obscured by being inclosed in a common mem- 

 brane, the fourth longest, fifth banded. Tail fin forked, the lobes 

 pointed ; pectoral fin at its root not overlapped by the gill covers, the 

 rays thirteen or fourteen, ventral nine or ten, situated below the last two 

 rays of the dorsal. Scales thin and small. Colour on sides of the back 

 dark sea green, blackish on the back and on the greater part of the dorsal 

 and caudal fins. Sides with slight silvery shade, passing into a beautiful 

 deep red on the belly ; pectorals greenish, passing into reddish poste- 

 riorly, the upper border white ; ventral fins red, with a white outer margin 

 and a blackish shade within the margin and reddish with a blackish 

 shade over the whole of the middle, and with a white anterior margin ; 

 sides of the head silvery, the lower parts minutely dotted with black. 

 Number of the vertebrae, fifty-nine. The length rarely exceeds ten inches, 

 but it has been known to be above fifteen. 



Of the Welsh charr, or torgoch of Llanberis (Salmo Cambricus), the 

 following characteristics are given : " The body is compressed and length- 

 ened ; length of the head considerably more than one-half of the dis- 

 tance from the snout to the line of the origin of the dorsal fin ; upper 

 profile of the head not elevated above the margin of the orbit, and 

 is not even slightly ridged, but slightly concave ; the median ridge 

 scarcely visible ; snout rather depressed, the lower a little curved 



