320 THE PRACTICAL FISHERMAN. 



dark minute specks ; belly dirty white ; the lower portion of the dorsal, 

 pectoral, ventral, and anal fins, dark blueish grey ; irides silvery, pupils 

 blue. First ray of the dorsal fin commencing half way between the point 

 of the snout and the base of the short lateral caudal rays ; the first ray 

 simple, the rest branched, the second and third longest, equalling the length 

 of the pectorals ; the seventh ray as long as the base of the fin ; the last 

 ray one-third the length of the fourth ; adipose fin large and thin, situated 

 midway between the base of the fourth dorsal fin ray and the tip of the 

 long upper ray of the caudal fin ; anal fin commencing half-way between 

 the origin of the ventral fin and the base of the middle caudal ray, the 

 first ray simple, the rest branched ; the second rather the longest, the 

 third as long as the base of the fin ; the last ray half the length of the 

 fifth ; ventral fins commencing under the middle of the dorsal ; the third 

 ray the longest, equalling the length of the lower ray in the dorsal pectorals 

 long and pointed, one-sixth the length of the whole fish ; caudal fin inchoate j 

 the first ray simple, the second and third the longest, the last short, 

 not one-fourth the length of the first. Tail deeply forked, with the long 

 rays of the upper portion curving slightly downward, giving the fin 

 a peculiar form. Gill covers produced behind the basal line of union 

 between the operculum (gill cover) and sub-operculum oblique, the 

 free margin of the latter slightly rounded; pre-operculum angular, 

 snout prominent, somewhat of a conical form, extending beyond 

 the upper lip ; jaws of unequal length, 'the lower one the shorter ; the 

 maxillary bone broad, the free extremity extending back to beneath 

 the anterior margin of the orbit. Teeth in the upper jaw long and 

 slender, about six in number, those on the tongue shorter and mora 

 numerous. Eyes large, extending below the middle of the cheek, lateral, 

 commencing above the upper part of the operculum and running down 

 the middle of the sides to the base of the middle caudal ray. Scales 

 large and eighty-four in the lateral line. The number of fins' rays, 

 including the two short rays at the commencement of the dorsal and anal 

 fins, are as follow : Dorsal, 14 ; pectoral, 16 ; ventral, 12 ; anal, 13 j 

 caudal, 20 ; the number of cceca 120. 



According to Dr. Parnell, in the stomach of a powan he examined were 

 found several species of the Entomostraca larvas of insects, a few 

 Coleoptera, a number of small, tough, red worms (probably of the nais 

 species), and a quantity of gravel. The latter had most likely been 

 swallowed in the search at the bottom of the water for such insects 

 as inhabit the soil, or there find their nidus. 



