J. M. Macfarlane. — Cephalotaceae. 



median one their edge is simple. Eichlei* has confirmed this by embryological stages, 

 some of which are shown in figure \ Cr, H, J. These prove that the ventral depression 

 and the lid are early formed almost simultaneously, that the corrugated rim next 

 appears as a swelling on the dorsal side of the cavity, and that the median and 

 oblique ridges begin to grow out soon after. 



As in all other pitchered carnivorous genera the lid fils neatly and tightly over 

 the orifice tili near maturity, when it opens to remain so permanently. Hut as with 

 NepentheSj so here mistaken statements have been made that the "lid is very irritable 

 and opens and shuts under certain conditions" (Wo o 11s, op. cit.). 



When sectioned longitudinally the pitcher shows a pale green ledge or collar con- 

 tinued down from the peristome and that projects below by a sharp rim into the 

 pitcher cavity (Fig. 3Ä). It varies from 

 2 — 8 mm in depth, and is composed 

 mainly of soft spongy tissue within, 

 that forms the thickest part of the 

 pitcher wall. The posterior part of 

 the ledge at the base of the lid shows 

 a line obliquely crossing it, and that 

 indicates the inferior demarcation of 

 epidermal tissue similar to that covering 

 the lid. The whole of this lid- and 

 posterior ledge- tissue, make up the 

 treacherous area for insects, that can 

 appropriately be named here, as in the 

 Sarracenioids, the "attractive surface". 

 This further should include the corru- 

 gated rim with its numerous attractive 

 glands. The area of the ledge, except 

 for the shallow upper posterior space, 

 is the conducting surface. The lower 



two-thirds of the pitcher has a pale-green or crimson-green color and uniform glislening 

 appearance to the eye, except along two obliquely placed somewhat elevated patches, 

 found on either side of the lower half of the pitcher-wall. These are usually of a deep 

 crimson or crimson-claret color, and may — after Dickson — be called the •"lateral 

 patches". The entire area below the ledge is the "detentive surface". 



Fig. 2. Intermediate forms of leaves. 



Anatomy (Anatomische Verhältnisse). Young roots show a pale epidermis, within 



which are 2 to 3 cortex layers made up of cells of varying size and rounded-angular 

 shape. Within is a thin-walled endodermis of flattened cells. The pericambium is a 

 clear layer of cells that surrounds a triarch bündle System. The latter consisls of 

 three wide patches of phloem, that alternate with three xylem masses each made up 

 of a smali patch of spiral tracheae at the tip of each xylem mass, and of gradually 

 enlarging pitted-scalariform tubes inwardly. The largest and innermost of these tubes 

 are six to eight in number, and form an open ring embedded in centrally placed cell- 

 ular tissue. W T ith increasing age a cork cambium is formed, apparently from division 

 of the pericambium, and this cuts off a zone of clear angular cork cells that are three 

 to four layers deep in mature roots. At the same time the epidermal and cortex cells 

 become brown in their Contents and in their walls. But though a cork is Ums formed, 

 shedding of the endodermis and tissues outside has not been observed to occur. These 

 all remain as a slightly shrunken and brown zone round the enclosed tissue. A richly 

 starch-storing zone of 2 — 3 cell-layers is seen within the cork in old roots, but its 

 exact mode of origin could not be traced. Lateral rootlets are formed sparingly along 

 each main root, but in cultivated plants most of these seem to die, only those toward 

 the end of the main root surviving. 



