J. M. Mact'arlane. — Cephalotaceae. 9 



abundantly distributed over it, but these become extremely abundant, close-set, and 

 conspicuous over the incurved tips of the peristome teeth. It is not surprising therefore 

 that each tooth receives a strong bündle from the circular set that runs transversely 

 in the peristome, and that from this finer branches run off that lie close to the epi- 

 dermis and end in a dense spiral-tracheal and phloem plexus within the tip of the 

 tooth. Such abundant vascular supply strikingly recalls that in the rim of Nepenthes, 

 but while in the latter one large deeply sunken gland occurs alternately with each 

 tooth, in Cephalotus numerous distinct but closely placed glands are disposed over the 

 tooth surface. Alike structurally and functionally the inner lid surface and the corruga- 

 ted rim form collectively an "attractive" area for insects. 



The interior pitcher ledge is covered by epidermal cells (Fig. 3 Ab) each prolonged 

 downwardly into a finely pointed process. These processes are longest, and are pointed 

 almost or quite directly downward, over the infolded or annular part of the ledge, so 

 that there they may be said to act as a "detentive" girdle as well as a "conducting" 

 zone. Glands are absent over the entire zone. Internally the ledge tissue consists of 

 large soft cells surrounding large cavernous intercellular spaces, through which run 

 circularly placed bundles. 



The upper portion of the detentive surface consists of equiradial sinuously outlined 

 epidermal cells that often contain crimson pigment, and whose surface is modified into 

 a shining and rather easily detached cuticle. Sunk here and there amongst these are 

 large pale glands, that are made up of 6 — \% surface cells (Fig. 3 -4c), and numerous 

 deeper ones, that together make up an oval deeply embedded mass. But in comparing 

 these with the smaller attractive and alluring glands on the one hand and with the 

 huge glands of the lateral patches on the other Schweiger's statement is expressive, 

 "Untersuchungen haben es bestätigt, dass alle möglichen Übergangsstufen zwischen den 

 Drüsen mit sechs Oberflächenzellen und den vielzelligen Drüsen vorkommen". 



The "lateral patches" are specially swollen cushion-like areas of the pitcher-wall, 

 for while the general wall — like the lid — consists of 6 — 7 layers of mesophyll cells, a 

 gradual increase in number of layers and simultaneously a marked reduction in size 

 of the cells occurs, tili each patch shows 16 — 17 layers. The cells are rather small 7 

 rounded, dense in aspect, and when treated with protoplasmic stains give a richly 

 stained result that almost suggests a collective glandulär activity. The epidermal cells 

 that cover these patches externally are thin, somewhat angular, and are usually filled 

 with deep purple pigment. These bound many clear pale twin cells (Fig. 3A e) surroun- 

 ding a stoma-like area. Dickson accordingly suggested that they might be modified 

 stomata. Goebel regards them as water stomata, and has pointed out that each is 

 so arranged that the mesophyll cell subjacent to each stoma projects against the orifice. 

 Over the surface of each patch or along its margin occur glands of greatly larger size 

 than those over the lid or even over the upper detentive area. Each consists of a circular 

 patch of surface cells, which with the layer subjacent are somewhat columnar in shape, 

 also of many embedded cells that collectively form a goblet-shaped mass. In all of 

 these glands studied by the writer, and contrary to previous statements — except perhaps 

 that of Maury and the modified one of Schweiger — he finds that these are as 

 deftnitely related to vascular bündle terminations and mesophyll tissue as are the glands 

 in Nepenthes. Each gland is a sunken epidermal mass (Fig. 3B) that is lined and 

 surrounded — as in Nepenthes alluring glands — by two layers of mesophyll cells that 

 form a limiting tissue. Ending in this (Fig. 3Ba) and beneath the gland is a vascular 

 branch from one of the stronger veins, that consists of spiral-tracheal and phloem 

 tis'sue. Taken in conjunction with Schweiger's already quoted Observation and his 

 statement (p. 509) and figure 2 9, we thus see that every gradation can be observed 

 between superficial six-celled glands that are devoid of vascular connection, and these 

 large deeply sunken glands which show a uniform and intimate vascular connection. 



The lowermost third of the pitcher is lined by cells like those of the glandulär 

 surface above, but here, as on the ledge, glands are absent (Fig. 3 Ad). 



