2 L. Dicls. — Menispermaceae. 



ind. I. (1855) 171. — Wigand in Flora XIV. (1856) 676, Taf. VII. — Radlkofer, 

 Über das anomale Wachstum des Stammes bei Menispermeen , in Flora XVI. (1858) 

 ^ 93 — 206: übersetzt in Ann. sc. nat. 4. ser. X. (4 808) 1 64 — 180. — Nägeli in 

 Beitr. zur Wiss. Botan. I. (1858) 16 — 19. — Eichler in Denkschrift. Bot. Gesellsch. 

 Regensburg V. (1864) H — 20; in Fl. brasil. XIII. 1. (1864) 207—215, tab. L, LI. — 

 Baillon in Adansonia IX. (1868 — 70) 378; Hist. pl. III. (1872) 26. — G. Kraus 

 in Pringsheims Jahrb. VIII. (1872) 421—426, Taf. XXXV. — Möller, Holzanatomie, in 

 Denkschrift. Wien. Akad. (1876) 68 — 69, 364 — 365. — De Bary, Anatomie der 

 Vegetationsorgane (1877) 74, 412 u. sonst. — J. Vesque in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. 

 Nat. 2. ser. IV. (1881) 44—47, pl. 2. — Möller, Rindenanatomie (1882) 223. — 

 Hansen in Arbeit. Bot. Inst. Würzburg III. (1884) 102. — Krüger, Anomale Holzbild. 

 Leipzig (1884) 23. — Morot in Ann. sc. nat. 6. ser. XX. (1885) 257. — Herail 

 in Ann. sc. nat. 7. ser. II. (1885) 2 2 6. — Solereder, Holzstruktur (1885) 57; 

 in Englers Bot. Jahrb. X. (1889) 482; in Syst. Anat. Dicotyl. I. (1899) 45 — 50; 

 Ergänzungsband (1908) 9 — 17. — R. Blottiere, Etüde anatomique de la famille 

 des Menispermees. Paris (1886) pl. I. IL — Volkens, Fl. aegypt. arab. Wüste 

 (1887) 86 — 89, Taf. I. IX. XV. — H. Schenck, Anatom. Lianen (1893) 62 — 70, 

 252, Taf. II. und III. — Haberlandt, in Sitz. Ber. Wiener Akad. CHI. 1. (1894) 

 504, Taf. II; in Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Gesellsch. (1894) 369, Taf. XXIV. — Gerard, 

 Formes anomales des Menispermees, in Compt. rend. Paris CHI. (1886) 1027, 1028. — 

 Schwabach in Bot. Centralbl. 4. (1898) 359. — Maheu, Etüde sur les Menispermees, 

 in Gompte rendu Congres internat. Paris 1900 (1901) 218; Recherches anatomiques 

 sur les Menispermees, in Journ. Bot. Paris XVI. (1902) .369 — 378; Laticiferes ä 

 caoutchouc: Tinomiseium, in Compt. rend. Paris CXLI. 4. dec. 1905; Organes secret. 

 des Menisperm., in Bull. Soc. bot. France . LIII. (1906) 651—663. — Damm in Beih. 

 Bot. Centralbl. XL (1902) 236 — 239. — Poulsen, Luftrodderne hos Tinospora crispa, 

 in Vidensk. Meddelels. Kjoebenhavn (1902) 235—237 t. IX— XL — Morini, Studi 

 anatomici del caule delle Menispermacee, in Mem. Accad. Bologna (1904) 283 — 299. — 

 Areschoug, Trop. vaext. bladbyggn., in Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl. 39, n. 2. (1905) 

 21 — 22, Taf. XXIV. — Krafft, Blattstruktur bei den Menispermaceen (1907) 

 92 S., 1 Taf. 



Chemie: Gresshoff in Ber. Deutsch. Pharmaz. Gesellsch. IX. (1899) 214. — 

 Boorsma in Bull. Inst. bot. Buitenzorg XIV. (1902) 11 — 16. — Czapek, Biochemie 

 der Pflanzen IL (1905) 341, 342, 618; dort auch die speziellere Litteratur. 



Fossile Arten: Lesquereux, Contributions to the Fossil Flora of the Western 

 Territories I. (1874) 94—96, tab. XX, XXII, XXV. — Geyler, Über fossile Pflanzen 

 von Labuan. Vega Expedit. Vedensk. Jakttag. IV. Stockholm 1887. — A. Schenk, 

 Die fossilen Pflanzenreste, in. Handbuch IV. (1888) 215; Palaeophytologie, in Zittel's 

 Handbuch der Palaeontologie IL (1890) 500 — 502. 



Character. Flores dioici. Sepala numero varia, saepe in cyclis trimeris, non- 

 nunquam dimeris seriata, raro ad 1 reducta, libera vel raro coalita, imbricata vel rarius 

 valvata, plerumque exteriora interioribus minora. Petala varia, plerumque in cyclis 

 2 trimeris rarius dimeris seriata, nonnunquam (usque ad 1) reducta vel nulla, libera 

 vel raro coalita, imbricata vel valvata. S tarn in a oo vel petalis aeqüalia et opposita, 

 saepe 6, haud raro 3, libera vel varie connata; antherae variae, saepius immersae vel 

 adnatae, thecis varie dehiscentibus. Staminodia in flore Q varia, nonnunquam nulla. 

 Carpella raro oo, nonnunquam 6, saepissime 3, toro brevi vel raro gy nophoro 

 elongato inserta, libera, in flore q? plerumque nulla, raro rudimentaria; styli termi- 

 nales vel subterminales, saepius recurvi, stigmata integra vel lobata vel fissa; ovula 

 novella saepius 2, mox ad 1 reducta; Ovulum amphitropum, suturae ventrali affixum, 

 integumentis duobus, micropyle supera, chalaza basin ovarii spectante praeditum. Drupae 

 liberae, sessiles vel stipitatae, orthotropae vel camptotropae ; exocarpium membrana- 

 ceum vel subcoriaceum, mesocarpium zb pulposo-carnosum, endocarpium värium, 



