TYPES OF TUBERCLE. 583 



protests followed the announcement of Koch's 

 views, and in a short time a number of investiga- 

 tors showed, first, that it is possible in some cases 

 to produce tuberculosis in cattle with tuberculous 

 material from man, and, second, that infection of 

 man with the bovine bacillus is possible. Un- 

 questionable proof of the latter consists in the de- 

 velopment of localized tuberculosis in those who 

 have performed autopsies on tuberculous cattle 

 (Ravenel and others). In an examination of 436 

 cases of human tuberculosis, Park and Krumwiede 

 found bacilli of the bovine type in fifty- two cases 

 (11.9 per cent.). In persons over 16 years of age, 

 constituting 297 of the 436 cases, one case of 

 tuberculosis with bacilli of the bovine type was 

 found (0.39 per cent.). In children between the 

 ages of 5 and 16, nine out of fifty-four cases were 

 due to the bovine type of bacilli (18.5 per cent.). 

 In eighty-nine cases in which the patients were 

 under 5 years of age, twenty-two due to the bovine 

 type were found (nearly one-fourth). The cases 

 showing bovine types of bacilli were mostly infec- 

 tions of the abdomen and glands of the neck. In 

 no case of primary pulmonary infection were 

 bacilli of the bovine type found. 



The following points serve to distinguish the 

 bovine bacillus from the human : First, the bovine Bacilli 

 bacillus is shorter than the human; second, when 

 first cultivated it grows feebly in media in which 

 the human bacillus flourishes; third, it has a 

 higher virulence for rabbits and guinea-pigs, and, 

 fourth, it produces more extensive lesions in cattle. 

 To these Smith has added a fifth point, which he 

 has found to be distinctive in a large number of 



