BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS. 611 



for the agglutination reaction. Courmont and Ar- 

 loing prepare a homogeneous culture by first grow- 

 ing the organism on a certain potato medium and 

 then in glycerin bouillon, which is frequently 

 shaken. The cells are said to be well isolated after 

 this procedure. Koch uses his emulsion of pow- 

 dered bacilli for the test. The serum of man or 

 animals as a result of immunization may reach an 

 agglutinating power of 1 to 2,000 exceptionally 

 (Maragliano). 



APPENDIX TO TUBERCULOSIS. 



TUBERCULOSIS AND PSEUDOTUBEBCULOSIS IN ANIMALS. 



Certain differences between the bacilli of human and Bovine 

 bovine tuberculosis were mentioned in the preceding Tuberculosis. 

 section. In cattle the disease shows a characteristic 

 tendency to remain localized in one organ or group of 

 organs over a long period. It is a nodular disease as in 

 man, but differs from human tuberculosis in that no- 

 dules often grow to large size, may be imbedded in and 

 sharply differentiated from surrounding healthy tissue, 

 and not infrequently involve serous surfaces, forming 

 large masses of firm sessile or pedunculated tumors. 

 The nodules frequently are fibrous from the beginning, 

 undergo early and extensive calcification and rarely 

 soften. We are not to understand, however, that mniary 

 tuberculosis does not occur in cattle. Although the 

 process in the lungs is usually of a fibrous and large 

 nodular nature, rapid dissemination with formation of 

 many miliary tubercles may cause the picture of acute 

 tuberculous consolidation in a certain number of cases. 

 According to the statistics of Ostertag, based on 43,000 

 cases of bovine tuberculosis, localization is as follows: 

 Lungs, 75 per cent.; pleura and peritoneum, 50 per 

 cent.; peribronchial glands, 60 per cent.; spleen, 40 per 

 cent. In more or less generalized cases the lungs are in- 

 volved in 100 per cent, of the cases; serous membranes, 

 90 per cent.; liver, 85 per cent.; digestive tract, 60 per 

 cent.; spleen, 50 per cent.; kidneys, 30 per cent.; mouth 

 cavity, 5 per cent. In cows the uterus, in general infec- 

 tion, is involved in 65 per cent, of the cases, the udders 

 in from 5 to 10 per cent., and the ovaries in 5 per cent. 

 It seems that the lungs are the most common infection 



