FROM TONKIN TO INDIA 



Voinl of Dcparliirc of Routes 

 und Names of Rivers aboiil 

 which Infornialion was col- 

 kcted. 



Toi' i,ON( ; — continued 



1 AMAI.O 



Manikhm 



Above Chia-keu the Kioutses pay tribute to Tsarong. 



From Chia-keu to the Tsarong frontier, 3 days' march. 

 1 do not know the extent of these marches, but it 

 must be slight, as the Kioutses make only short 

 stages, and the tracks are detestable and full of 

 obstacles. Nor do 1 know to what latitude the valley 

 of the Kiou-kiang is inhabited. While telling me 

 there were 'I'hibetan villages on the course of the 

 river, the natives were unable to mention any by 

 name. Are there any ? 1 myself doubt it. 



From Tamalo a very fair track descends the valley of 

 the Poula-Ho to the Salwen. [S. 40° E.] 



From Mandouni going up the left bank of the river 

 Telo, a route, admitted to be very bad and dangerous 

 by the Kioutses themselves, leads in 8 days to the first 

 village 'I'setekon, passing afterwards by the following 

 localities : — Teunnami, J )umidan, Teloulandam, Tum- 

 sepou, Hadoumlanpoun, Malaipoun, Meteupoun, 

 'I'elalongpoum. The last named is said to be 28 

 days' (one moon) march from Mandoum, and only 

 7 or 8 days from the sources of the Telo. These 

 stages are evidently very short ; looking at the distance 

 as the crow flies, I am convinced that, whatever may 

 be the state of the track, the journey could be 

 accomplished in 15 or 20 days. 



The natives who inhabit this region are Kioutses 

 and Lissous. The latter, who are in the minority, 

 must have come from the valleys adjacent to the 

 Kiou-kiang and the Lantakou, one of its affluents. 

 The country is cold, and only has one harvest a year. 

 Inhabitants very wild ; the Kioutses of Mandoum are 

 so timorous that they can hardly be said to have any 

 settled abode. There is no route communicating 

 between the villages on the higher waters of the Telo 

 and Thibet, and, speaking widely, none between 

 Thibet and the upper basin of the Irawadi. The 

 habitable zone between these two regions is of great 

 extent, and practically impassable. It was not to be 

 thought of to outflank T.sarong by our route in an 

 attempt to gain directly the great unexplored tract of 

 Pomi. 



Towards the south, a route following the left bank of 

 the Neydu (or Tourong, or Kiou-kiang) passes the 

 following villages: — .Seloum, Dam,Terandam, loumtem, 

 Zangur, Manzing, Debondam, Konglam, Maboumgam, 

 Meyun, Panmeyin, Pise, Delinam, Dadzoum, Habour, 

 Seungoum, Singouhol, Sanchiel, Teran, Cionru, 



414 



