APPENDIX A 



I'oint of Departure of Routes 

 and Names of Rivers about 

 which Inforuiation was col- 

 lected. 



Mandoum — am tinned . 



Duma 



KhAM'I'I 



Ouakoue, Rondam, Pombour, Loukinson, Serin- 

 danamzer, Zerta, Rekoui, Konglam, Kiangtou (at the 

 confluence of the Lantakou, or river of the golden 

 sands), Ouadamkoii. 



No information farther south, except that below Kiang- 

 tou the country is said to be called Kioui, and the 

 people are Lissous. It is difficult to know where 

 the Kachins or Singphos begin along this branch of 

 the Irawadi. 



PVom Mandoum to Kiangtou is 7 days' hard marching. 

 Inhabitants Kioutses and a few Lissous. 



From Duma to the great plain of Hapon (or Apon, a 

 Kioutse name), situated at the confluence of the 

 Reunnam and the Tsan, and peopled by Singphos, 

 8 days' march down the Reunnam. 



From Khamti into Assam, three routes : — 



1. By the col of Chaukan or Tsaukan, S. 55° \\'. of 



Padao and the sources of the Dihung ; no snow ; 

 but some risk from Singpho robbers, who, 

 according to the Khamti folk, take free toll of 

 travellers. 

 About 25 days' march to Sadiya. This is the 

 route that has been followed by all the English 

 expeditions that have been in Khamti (Wilcox, 

 Woodthorpe, Gray). 



2. By the col of the Phungan-Boum (marked on my 



map), 22 days. A good deal of snow on the col 

 from January to March, but never impassable. It 

 is the one most used by the dwellers in Khamti. 



3. The third passes over higher, colder, and more 



snow-encumbered cols, and is extremely difficult 

 in mid-winter ; moreover, for 4 days it traverses 

 a hitherto unexplored district, peopled by in- 

 dependent Mishmis, who are very hostile to 

 Europeans. 

 Stages — First 4 days up the valley of the Nam- 

 kiou, and that of the Nam- Yin, its most western 

 branch [N. 30° \\'.] ; 5th day, pass the col ; 6th, 

 descent ; 7th, down the valley of the Nam- 

 Delong (?) ; 8th, /</., sleep at Piaon-Kong, first 

 independent Mishmi village ; 9th, Koutika, id., 

 reach the valley of the Nam-Derao (Khamti 

 name for the Lohit Brahmaputra) ; loth, Tong- 

 son, independent Mishmis; nth, Peshouson, id.; 

 1 2th, Tsantai, subject Mishmis; 13th, Belon, id.; 

 14th, Kamlong-Kong, id.; 15th, Mankao, Thais 

 or Khamtis ; 1 6th, Tsong-kan, id. (descend the 



4' 5 



