TRANSPLANTING. 83 



then put in another vine in the same way, setting them so 

 far apart that the roots will not crowd ; twelve to eighteen 

 inches will usually be sufficient. 



One person may plant while another fills up the trench. 

 When one trench is filled, proceed the same way with 

 another, always being careful to have each trench dug 

 descending the same way, so that the vines will be uni- 

 formly on either the right or left side of the trench. Then, 

 when the vines are to be taken up in the fall, it will only 

 be necessary to examine one vine to ascertain on which 

 side the greater part of its roots is to be found, and the 

 workmen can then proceed systematically, for they will 

 know just where to dig and thus be able to avoid in- 

 juring the roots. The rows of vines should be four feet 

 apart, which gives plenty of room to work between them 

 during the season. When the vines are planted and the 

 ground about them leveled off evenly, they should be cut 

 down close to the ground, and a good strong stake six or 

 seven feet long be put by each. That portion of the stem 

 which is left generally has more than one bud upon it, each 

 of which may push into growth, but usually only the upper 

 bud will start ; but if more than one should grow, the 

 strongest only should be allowed to remain, and when 

 this has grown a few inches it should be tied to the stake. 

 This tying will have to be attended to at least once a week 

 throughout a greater portion of the season. The laterals 

 also must be pinched back as often as they start, leaving 

 one leaf the first time, two the next, and so on ; but usually 

 two stoppings will be all that is necessary. 



As the stopping or pinching off the ends of the laterals 

 constitutes a greater part of what is termed summer prun- 

 ing, and as I shall have -occasion to refer to it frequently 

 in the following pages, the reader should fully understand 

 what is meant by ^laterals, and their mode of treatment, as 

 it is nearly the same upon vines in all stages of their 

 growth. 



