TRANSPLANTING. 85 



leaves, taking off all but one leaf. If the vine is growing 

 rapidly, the lateral will start again and produce a young 

 shoot from the base of this leaf, and when it has grown a 

 few inches it should be pinched off at #, leaving one more 

 leaf; c shows where it would be stopped the third time, 

 should it be necessary ; d shows a lateral as it appears 

 when first starting. This checking the growth of the late- 

 rals not only concentrates the strength of the plant into 

 the main cane, but it prevents the formation of a large 

 number of small thin leaves, which are of no benefit to the 

 plant, and are of themselves so feeble that they can not 

 resist disease like large and strong ones, consequently they 

 are often attacked while others escape. 



There are cultivators of the vine who neither stake them 

 or check the laterals, but allow them to grow upon the 

 ground in disorder until they are wanted for the vineyard. 

 This is a slovenly method at best, and vines of the first 

 quality can not be produced in this manner, for it is not 

 only necessary to keep them tied to stakes for the purpose 

 of concentrating their strength, but to insure the ripening 

 of the wood, and thereby the maturing of the roots as well. 

 And it is a fact not to be controverted, that whenever the 

 vine has unripened branches, there is also a corresponding 

 number of immature roots ; and these are as likely to be- 

 come diseased, if not entirely destroyed, during winter, as 

 the unripened branches. Neither will the leaves on the 

 vines that are left trailing upon the ground be so fully 

 developed or remain as healthy as when the vine is tied to 

 stakes, where the air can circulate freely among them, and 

 "the direct rays of the sun reach every leaf. 



When vines have grown one season in the nursery they 

 ought to be large enough to be transplanted into the vine- 

 yard ; but if not, then they should be cut down to within 

 one or two buds of the last season's growth, and but one 

 cane allowed to grow, as in the year before. 



If at the end of the second season in the nursery the 



