PEUNING AND TRAININO. 147 



of the trellis, all the laterals being stopped except the one 

 at the angle near the bar. 



Fig. 51 shows two vines upon a two-tier trellis; A, A, 

 are the two laterals that have been allowed to grow un- 

 checked. The bending of the growing canes will check 

 the flow of sap in them, while the laterals, A, A, will grow 

 Tery rapidly. 



If the vines are vigorous and the canes are bent down in 

 midsummer, the laterals will often grow sufficiently strong 

 by fall to make the arms. If they do so, cut them off at 

 four feet and tie them to the bars, the' same as the main 

 canes. The two arms will then appear to have started from 

 the same bud. But if the lateral does not grow sufficiently 

 strong to be used for an arm, it should be cut entirely away 

 at the time of the annual pruning. 



The main cane on the lower bar should be cut off where 

 it crosses the vine next to it, and the cane on the upper 

 bar at a point directly above the main trunk of the lower 

 vine. Fig. 52 shows the vine on the upper bar when 

 pruned, in case the lateral failed to make an arm, except- 

 ing that when it is done it is devoid of leaves. If we 

 fail to get an arm from the lateral the first season, we 

 may allow the main cane to remain in its position, and per- 

 mit so many buds to grow from it as we desire for the up- 

 right fruiting canes ; but the bud which is at the base of 

 the lateral, A, we will allow to grow up until long enough 

 to make the arm in place of that which we failed to get 

 from the lateral. At the end of the second season we bend 

 this down and form an arm precisely as would have been 

 done with 'the lateral ; and the vine will appear the same, 

 except that one of the arms is one .year older than the 

 other, and of course it is considerably larger. To remedy 

 this difference in appearance, the upright canes on the two- 

 year-old arm should be cut back to one bud instead of two, 

 as would have been done if both arms had been perfected 

 tue first year, allowing only single upright canes on both 



